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Nexus between tourism earnings and economic growth: a study of Malaysia

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  • Ronald Kumar
  • Nanthakumar Loganathan
  • Arvind Patel
  • Radika Kumar

Abstract

Prior studies on Malaysia mainly looked at the cointegration relationship and causality nexus of the tourism sector. In addition to these apects, in this article, we look at the statistical and economic significance of tourism in Malaysia. We explore the short-run and long-run effects of tourism on output per worker in Malaysia using the sample period 1975–2012 where we estimate the respective elasticity coefficients. Given that the data on tourism receipts reported by the World Bank ( 2013 ) are only for 1995–2011 at the time of study, we use an exponential trend function based on the available data for tourism receipts as best fit to approximate the missing data. Subsequently, using the data from 1975–2012 and the augmented Solow ( 1956 ) model in which tourism receipts (% GDP) is included as a shift variable and hence a proxy for tourism development, we examine the cointegration, elasticity coefficients and causation using the ARDL bounds (Pesaran et al. 2001 ) and the Toda and Yamamoto ( 1995 ) non Granger causality procedure, respectively. The results show that tourism has a lagged marginal negative effect ( $$-$$ - 0.06 %) in the short run and a positive and statistically significant effect in the long-run (+0.26 %). The causality nexus show a bi-directional causation between tourism and capital per worker which supports the notion that tourism and investment activities are mutually reinforcing; and a unidirectional causation from output per worker to capital per worker indicating that economic growth spurs capital accumulation and productivity. Although our findings are not unique due to data constraints, the results nevertheless reveal that tourism has a long-run momentous effect on the economic growth of Malaysia and is a catalyst for boosting investment activities. In this regard, policy focus can be directed towards enhancing tourism infrastructure including technology integration and management, creating more visitor confidence in the global tourism markets, exploiting the major sources of tourism markets with socially desirable and economically beneficial tourist products, and exploring niche markets for tourism expansion which can include links with foreign direct investment. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Suggested Citation

  • Ronald Kumar & Nanthakumar Loganathan & Arvind Patel & Radika Kumar, 2015. "Nexus between tourism earnings and economic growth: a study of Malaysia," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 49(3), pages 1101-1120, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:qualqt:v:49:y:2015:i:3:p:1101-1120
    DOI: 10.1007/s11135-014-0037-4
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    5. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh & Ivanov, Stanislav & Loganathan, Nanthakumar, 2015. "Nexus between Tourism demand and output per capita with relative importance of trade and financial development: A study of Malaysia," MPRA Paper 67226, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Oct 2015.
    6. Muhammad Ahad, 2016. "Does Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis exist in Pakistan? A Freshlook from Combine Cointegration and Causality Approach with Structural Breaks," International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research (IJEER), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 4(2), pages 94-111, February.
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    8. David Cook & Nína Saviolidis & Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir & Lára Jóhannsdóttir & Snjólfur Ólafsson, 2019. "Synergies and Trade-Offs in the Sustainable Development Goals—The Implications of the Icelandic Tourism Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-23, August.
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    13. Muhammad Shahbaz & Ramzi Benkraiem & Anthony Miloudi & Aviral Kumar Tiwari, 2019. "Tourism-induced financial development in Malaysia: New evidence from the tourism development index," Tourism Economics, , vol. 25(5), pages 757-778, August.
    14. Salahuddin, Mohammad & Tisdell, Clem & Burton, Lorelle & Alam, Khorshed, 2016. "Does internet stimulate the accumulation of social capital? A macro-perspective from Australia," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 43-55.
    15. Ronald Ravinesh Kumar & Peter Josef Stauvermann & Arvind Patel & Nikeel Kumar & Selvin Prasad, 2016. "Exploring the Nexus Between Tourism and Output in Cook Islands: An ARDL Bounds Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 128(3), pages 1085-1101, September.
    16. Kyophilavong, Phouphet & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Kim, Byoungki & OH, Jeong-Soo, 2017. "A note on the electricity-growth nexus in Lao PDR," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 1251-1260.
    17. Ogechi Adeola & Olaniyi Evans, 2020. "ICT, infrastructure, and tourism development in Africa," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(1), pages 97-114, February.
    18. Chantha Hor & Pheara Pheang, 2017. "Analysis Determinant Factors Effect on Migrant Workers' Remittances Flow to the CLMV Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 7(2), pages 202-207.
    19. Waheed Ahmad & Tariq Majeed & Zubaria Andlib, 2020. "Tourism Led Growth Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence From Five South Asian Countries," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 9(1), pages 51-59, March.
    20. Muhammad Shahbaz & Ronald Ravinesh Kumar & Stanislav Ivanov & Nanthakumar Loganathan, 2017. "The nexus between tourism demand and output per capita with the relative importance of trade openness and financial development," Tourism Economics, , vol. 23(1), pages 168-186, February.
    21. Imtiaz Arif Lubna Khan Syed Ali Raza, 2018. "External Resources and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis of South Asian Countries," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, vol. 21(2), pages 1-17, November.
    22. Ronald Ravinesh Kumar & Peter Josef Stauvermann & Nikeel Kumar & Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad, 2019. "Exploring the effect of ICT and tourism on economic growth: a study of Israel," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 52(3), pages 221-254, August.

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