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Psychometrically and qualitatively validating a cross-national cumulative measure of fear-based xenophobia

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  • Kees Veer
  • Reidar Ommundsen
  • Oksana Yakushko
  • Laurens Higler
  • Susan Woelders
  • Kari Hagen

Abstract

The article reports the results of a Mokken Scale Procedure (MSP) developing a hierarchical cross-national scale to measure xenophobia, and a qualitative validation of this scale. A pool of 30 xenophobic scale items were collected from several sources and edited according to established unidimensional criteria. The survey was administered to 608 undergraduate students in the USA, 193 undergraduate students in the Netherlands, and 303 undergraduate students in Norway. Fourteen scale statements measuring perceived threat or fear and meeting the criteria of the Stereotype Content Model (e.g., Fiske et al. in Trends Cogn Sci 11:77–83, 2006 ) were selected for further analysis. A separate item analysis and subsequently MSP analysis yielded a cumulative scale with the same five items for each of the three samples meeting criteria for homogeneity in all samples with H >.40. The result, a cross-national 5-item scale measuring fear-based xenophobia, was tested by means of the Three-Step Test-Interview (Hak et al. in Surv Res Methods 2:143–150, 2008 ) with 10 students in The Netherlands and 10 students in Norway. The analysis of these qualitative interviews shows that individual respondents’ criteria for the ranking of the scale items strongly depend on the way immigrants are framed. Ranking according to different levels of fear turned out to be only one criterion out of several possible ones used by individual respondents. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Kees Veer & Reidar Ommundsen & Oksana Yakushko & Laurens Higler & Susan Woelders & Kari Hagen, 2013. "Psychometrically and qualitatively validating a cross-national cumulative measure of fear-based xenophobia," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 1429-1444, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:qualqt:v:47:y:2013:i:3:p:1429-1444
    DOI: 10.1007/s11135-011-9599-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. van Schuur, Wijbrandt H., 2003. "Mokken Scale Analysis: Between the Guttman Scale and Parametric Item Response Theory," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 11(2), pages 139-163, April.
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    1. Petrescu-Mag, Ruxandra Malina & Petrescu, Dacinia Crina & Todoran, Silviu Ciprian & Petrescu-Mag, Ioan Valentin, 2021. "Us and them. Is the COVID-19 pandemic a driver for xenophobia in land transactions in Romania?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    2. Alice Cancer & Carola Salvi & Alessandro Antonietti & Paola Iannello, 2023. "Not Getting Vaccinated? It Is a Matter of Problem-Solving Abilities and Socio-Cognitive Polarization," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-9, January.

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