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Out-of-Pocket Household Expenditures on Medical Injections in Cambodia

Author

Listed:
  • Sachiko Ozawa

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

  • Tatenda T. Yemeke

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

  • Alie F. Tawah

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
    Johns Hopkins Carey Business School)

  • Vivek Kulkarni

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Manuela Villar Uribe

    (World Bank Group)

Abstract

Background Cambodia has one of the highest rates of overall medical injection usage worldwide. Therapeutic injections, which are often unnecessary, contribute to the spread of blood-borne diseases. Objective This study describes injection practices and associated household expenditures in rural northwest Cambodia. Methods We assessed care-seeking patterns of surveyed adult family members who sought healthcare in the previous 30 days, including location of care, medical injection use, and out-of-pocket household expenditures for treatment. A regression model was used to explore the impact of injection use on out-of-pocket household expenditures. Results Among 480 households sampled, 298 included members who had been sick within the previous 30 days; a total of 342 episodes of care had been sought. Private providers accounted for over 66% (n = 226) of all episodes of care, with public and informal providers accounting for 20% (n = 69) and 14% (n = 47), respectively. Injections were administered in over 120 (35%) episodes of care, with 81% of injections administered by private providers. Patients who received injections incurred total out-of-pocket household expenditures that were, on average, 126,590 Cambodian Riel (KHR) (US$31.65) higher than those who did not receive injections (p

Suggested Citation

  • Sachiko Ozawa & Tatenda T. Yemeke & Alie F. Tawah & Vivek Kulkarni & Manuela Villar Uribe, 2018. "Out-of-Pocket Household Expenditures on Medical Injections in Cambodia," PharmacoEconomics - Open, Springer, vol. 2(4), pages 415-421, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:pharmo:v:2:y:2018:i:4:d:10.1007_s41669-018-0067-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s41669-018-0067-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sachiko Ozawa & Simrun Grewal & John F.P. Bridges, 2016. "Household Size and the Decision to Purchase Health Insurance in Cambodia: Results of a Discrete-Choice Experiment with Scale Adjustment," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 195-204, April.
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