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The Impact of Losartan on the Lifetime Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease and Costs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

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  • George Carides
  • Shahnaz Shahinfar
  • Erik Dasbach
  • William Keane
  • William Gerth
  • Charles Alexander
  • William Herman
  • Barry Brenner

Abstract

Introduction: The RENAAL (Reduction of Endpoints in Non-insulin dependent diabetes with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan) study demonstrated that, in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy, treatment with losartan plus conventional antihypertensive therapy (CT) reduced the relative risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by 29% versus placebo over the time span of the study (mean patient follow-up of 3.4 years). The objective of this study was to project the effect of losartan compared with placebo on the lifetime incidence of ESRD and associated costs (from a US healthcare system perspective). Methods: To estimate lifetime incidence of ESRD, we used a competing risks method to account for the risk of death without ESRD. We estimated the cost ($US, year 2002 values) associated with ESRD by combining the cumulative incidence of ESRD with the lifetime cost associated with ESRD. Total cost was estimated as the sum of the cost associated with ESRD, the cost of losartan study therapy and other costs (non-ESRD/non-losartan) expected for patients with type 2 diabetes. Survival was estimated by weighting the life expectancies with and without ESRD by the cumulative risk of ESRD. Costs and outcomes were discounted by 3% per annum. Results: We projected a lower lifetime incidence of ESRD for losartan patients (66%) compared with placebo patients (83%). This reduction in ESRD resulted in a decrease in cost associated with ESRD of $US31 803 per patient and a gain of 0.99 life-years per patient (0.70 discounted). After accounting for the cost of losartan and the additional cost associated with greater survival, we projected that treatment with losartan would result in a lifetime net saving of $US24 632 per patient. Conclusion: Treatment with losartan plus CT in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy reduced the within-trial incidence of ESRD and is projected to result in lifetime reductions in ESRD and associated costs, and increased survival, versus placebo. Copyright Adis Data Information BV 2006

Suggested Citation

  • George Carides & Shahnaz Shahinfar & Erik Dasbach & William Keane & William Gerth & Charles Alexander & William Herman & Barry Brenner, 2006. "The Impact of Losartan on the Lifetime Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease and Costs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 24(6), pages 549-558, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:pharme:v:24:y:2006:i:6:p:549-558
    DOI: 10.2165/00019053-200624060-00003
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    Cited by:

    1. Joseph Menzin & Lisa Lines & Daniel Weiner & Peter Neumann & Christine Nichols & Lauren Rodriguez & Irene Agodoa & Tracy Mayne, 2011. "A Review of the Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Interventions in Chronic Kidney Disease," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 29(10), pages 839-861, October.
    2. Nikos Maniadakis & Mattias Ekman & Vasilios Fragoulakis & Vasiliki Papagiannopoulou & John Yfantopoulos, 2011. "Economic evaluation of irbesartan in combination with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension in Greece," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 12(3), pages 253-261, June.

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