Patients and Spine Surgeons’ Perspectives regarding Decision-Making and Outcomes in Lumbar Surgery: An Exploratory, Qualitative Study

Background Decision-making in lumbar surgery for degenerative conditions is influenced by various factors, including patient expectations and empowerment. The role of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in guiding these decisions is underexplored. This study aims to understand the perspectives of patients and spine surgeons in decision-making for lumbar surgery and explore their perspectives on the relevance and influence of pre- and post-surgery PROs. Methods An exploratory qualitative study was conducted between February 2022 and November 2023. A total of 15 patients with degenerative lumbar conditions and 9 spine surgeons from 5 tertiary public hospitals in Singapore were recruited. Data were analyzed using a framework analysis approach, ensuring validity through member checking, reflexive journals, and data source triangulation. Results Three overarching categories emerged: “expectations and outcomes,” “decision empowerment,” and “surgical experiences.” There is a shift toward shared decision-making, highlighting the importance of patient-centric approaches. Surgical decisions are primarily influenced by PROs, particularly health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and pain relief. Patients prioritize pain relief and improvements in daily functioning, while surgeons also emphasize avoiding postoperative complications. Decision support tools, including PRO data, are essential but need better accessibility and integration within clinical settings. Positive surgical experiences are driven by clear communication, trust with surgeons, swift recovery, and no regrets post-surgery. Conclusions Our study emphasizes the importance of patient-centered approaches in lumbar surgery decision-making, particularly regarding pre- and post-surgery PROs. Implementing these approaches may enhance patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes, urging the surgical community to prioritize informed, empathetic decision-making to improve healthcare quality.