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A risk analysis for floods and lahars: case study in the Cordillera Central of Colombia

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  • Matthias Künzler
  • Christian Huggel
  • Juan Ramírez

Abstract

The glacier-covered Nevado del Tolima in the Colombian Cordillera Central is an active volcano with potential lahars that might be more hazardous than those on Nevado del Ruiz. Furthermore, rainfall-triggered floods and landslides notoriously and severely affect the region. For effective disaster prevention, a risk analysis is of primary importance. We present here a risk analysis methodology that is based on the assessment of lahar and rainfall-related flood hazard scenarios and different aspects of vulnerability. The methodology is applied for populated centres in the Combeima valley and the regional capital Ibagué (~500,000 inhabitants). Lahar scenarios of 0.5, 1, 5, and 15 million m 3 volume are based on melting of 1, 2, 10, and 25 % of ice, firn and snow, respectively, due to volcanic activity and subsequent lahar formation. For flood modelling, design floods with a return period of 10 and 100 years were calculated. Vulnerability is assessed considering physical vulnerability, operationalized by market values of dwelling parcels and population density, whereas social vulnerability is expressed by the age structure of the population and poverty. Standardization of hazard and vulnerability allows for the integration into a risk equation, resulting in five-level risk maps, with additional quantitative estimate of damage. The probability of occurrence of lahars is low, but impacts would be disastrous, with about 20,000 people and more directly exposed to it. Floods are much more recurrent, but affected areas are generally smaller. High-risk zones in Ibagué are found in urban areas close to the main river with high social vulnerability. The methodology has proven to be a suitable tool to provide a first overview of spatial distribution of risk which is considered by local and regional authorities for disaster risk reduction. The harmonization of technical-engineering risk analysis and approaches from social sciences into common reference concepts should be further developed. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012

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  • Matthias Künzler & Christian Huggel & Juan Ramírez, 2012. "A risk analysis for floods and lahars: case study in the Cordillera Central of Colombia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 64(1), pages 767-796, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:64:y:2012:i:1:p:767-796
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0271-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stefan Greiving & Mark Fleischhauer & Johannes Luckenkotter, 2006. "A Methodology for an integrated risk assessment of spatially relevant hazards," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(1), pages 1-19.
    2. Christian Huggel & Nikolay Khabarov & Michael Obersteiner & Juan Ramírez, 2010. "Implementation and integrated numerical modeling of a landslide early warning system: a pilot study in Colombia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 52(2), pages 501-518, February.
    3. P. Peduzzi & H. Herold, 2005. "Mapping Disastrous Natural Hazards Using Global Datasets," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 35(2), pages 265-289, June.
    4. Susan L. Cutter & Bryan J. Boruff & W. Lynn Shirley, 2003. "Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 84(2), pages 242-261, June.
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    3. Md. Islam & Md. Malak & M. Islam, 2013. "Community-based disaster risk and vulnerability models of a coastal municipality in Bangladesh," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 69(3), pages 2083-2103, December.
    4. Omar Cruz-Vázquez & Miguel A. Alatorre-Ibargüengoitia, 2022. "Lahars risk at the Tacaná Volcano Complex (México–Guatemala) from numerical simulations and physical vulnerability analysis," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(1), pages 741-773, March.

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