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Landslide occurrence and its relation with terrain factors in the Siwalik Hills, Nepal: case study of susceptibility assessment in three basins

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  • Motilal Ghimire

Abstract

Landslides in the three studied basins of the Siwalik Hills are not random in distribution; they tend to cluster in certain areas implying the control of certain in situ factors or their combination. Landslide controlling in situ factors were reviewed and analyzed from maps, aerial photos and imageries using GIS. Chi square analysis was carried out to test the significance of landslide distribution vis-à-vis in situ factors. Slope gradient and relative relief were consistently significant in landslide distribution. Geology, dip-topography relation, land use and land cover, and vegetation conditions appeared important in landslide occurrence in all three basins either in terms of area or count in any two basins. Slope aspect and altitude tested significant for landslide occurrence in at least two basins. However, upslope flow contributing area, drainage density and distance to lineament were found insignificant in all three basins. In situ factors that tested significant in any two basins were used for landslide susceptibility analysis using a bivariate statistical approach. The distribution of landslides strongly correlates with susceptibility indices. With in situ factors, landslide susceptibility had good correlation with slope gradient and relative relief. Incorporating calculated factor weight values from one basin to the other two basins, proxy susceptibility index maps were also prepared. A moderate to good positive correlation appeared between them implying certain range of confidence for replicating the result for whole of the Siwalik Hills. Slope gradient and relative relief can be used as proxy indicators of landslide susceptible areas in the Siwalik Hills. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Suggested Citation

  • Motilal Ghimire, 2011. "Landslide occurrence and its relation with terrain factors in the Siwalik Hills, Nepal: case study of susceptibility assessment in three basins," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 56(1), pages 299-320, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:56:y:2011:i:1:p:299-320
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-010-9569-7
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Motilal Ghimire & Niroj Timalsina & Wei Zhao, 2024. "A Geographical approach of watershed prioritization in the Himalayas: a case study in the middle mountain district of Nepal," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(9), pages 23527-23560, September.
    2. Purna Bahadur Thapa & Saurav Lamichhane & Khagendra Prasad Joshi & Aayoush Raj Regmi & Divya Bhattarai & Hari Adhikari, 2023. "Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in Nepal’s Chure Region: A Geospatial Analysis," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Quynh Duy Bui & Hang Ha & Dong Thanh Khuc & Dinh Quoc Nguyen & Jason von Meding & Lam Phuong Nguyen & Chinh Luu, 2023. "Landslide susceptibility prediction mapping with advanced ensemble models: Son La province, Vietnam," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 116(2), pages 2283-2309, March.
    4. Prabin Kayastha & Megh Dhital & Florimond Smedt, 2012. "Landslide susceptibility mapping using the weight of evidence method in the Tinau watershed, Nepal," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(2), pages 479-498, September.
    5. Sohan Kumar Ghimire & Daisuke Higaki & Tara Prasad Bhattarai, 2013. "Estimation of Soil Erosion Rates and Eroded Sediment in a Degraded Catchment of the Siwalik Hills, Nepal," Land, MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-22, July.
    6. Jagath C Edirisinge, "undated". "Distributional Impact of Climate Change on Smallholder Agriculture in Sri Lanka," Working papers 107, The South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics.
    7. Netra Bhandary & Ranjan Dahal & Manita Timilsina & Ryuichi Yatabe, 2013. "Rainfall event-based landslide susceptibility zonation mapping," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 69(1), pages 365-388, October.

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