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Geomorphological analysis and early warning systems for landslide risk mitigation in Nepalese mid-hills

Author

Listed:
  • Prakash Singh Thapa

    (Ishikawa Prefectural University
    Ministry of Forests and Environment, Government of Nepal)

  • Basanta Raj Adhikari

    (Tribhuvan University)

  • Rajib Shaw

    (Keio University)

  • Diwakar Bhattarai

    (Ministry of Forests and Environment, Government of Nepal)

  • Seiji Yanai

    (Ishikawa Prefectural University)

Abstract

The Nepal Himalayas is one of the world’s most active mountain belts and home to widespread natural hazards of various types, including landslides, which claim numerous lives and result in massive property damage in the country. Landslides occur due to the combined effects of seismic activity, monsoon rainfall, and improper land-use practices. The prevention and mitigation of landslides are challenging for countries such as Nepal. However, low-cost techniques such as bioengineering combined with affordable early warning systems have been implemented in recent decades. The Methum landslide in Lalitpur district, central Nepal, was selected as a case study to investigate the landslide geomorphology along with triggering factors and to evaluate the effectiveness of a landslide early warning system (LEWS). Multiple field visits were conducted to learn the patterns of landslide evolution, assess landslide risk, and identify potential triggers. This study analyzed aerial photos, satellite images, and precipitation records. Heavy rainfall and past earthquake events have been major landslide triggers, while sloped terrace farming has acted as a preparatory factor. LEWS, installed, measures rainfall, soil moisture, and displacement activity and generates an alarm to alert nearby inhabitants if any of these parameters exceed the threshold set. This monitoring system is a cost-effective technique and exemplifies the reduction of landslide risk at the community level in the landslide-prone mid-hills of Nepal.

Suggested Citation

  • Prakash Singh Thapa & Basanta Raj Adhikari & Rajib Shaw & Diwakar Bhattarai & Seiji Yanai, 2023. "Geomorphological analysis and early warning systems for landslide risk mitigation in Nepalese mid-hills," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(2), pages 1793-1812, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:117:y:2023:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-023-05929-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-023-05929-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fasheng Miao & Yiping Wu & Linwei Li & Kang Liao & Yang Xue, 2021. "Triggering factors and threshold analysis of baishuihe landslide based on the data mining methods," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 105(3), pages 2677-2696, February.
    2. Sohan Kumar Ghimire & Daisuke Higaki & Tara Prasad Bhattarai, 2013. "Estimation of Soil Erosion Rates and Eroded Sediment in a Degraded Catchment of the Siwalik Hills, Nepal," Land, MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Kabir Uddin & Mir Abdul Matin & Sajana Maharjan, 2018. "Assessment of Land Cover Change and Its Impact on Changes in Soil Erosion Risk in Nepal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-20, December.
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