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Numerical simulation of a Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) event over Northern India using WRF modeling system

Author

Listed:
  • Gitesh Wasson

    (Central University of Rajasthan)

  • Someshwar Das

    (Central University of Rajasthan)

  • S. K. Panda

    (Central University of Rajasthan)

Abstract

Atmospheric turbulence is a primary meteorological hazard to en-route air traffic. Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) occurs when severe turbulence occurs in a statically stable shear layer. The role of CAT in various processes in the atmosphere is still ambiguous. An Air India flight AI462 encountered severe CAT on 19 April 2018. The present study simulates the CAT event and is focused on understanding and investigating favorable conditions for the occurrence of CAT. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model V4.0.3 has been used to simulate turbulence. The model was integrated for 48 h at 0000 UTC of 18 April 2018 using 6-hourly NCEP FNL Operational Global Analysis data at 0.25° × 0.25° resolution as input to provide the model's initial and lateral boundary conditions. There are two domains (D01 and D02) in the ratio of 3:1 (6 km:2 km) resolution. For simulating the atmospheric environments during the event, Yonsei University Scheme, WSM 3-Class Simple Ice Scheme, Kain–Fritsch (New-Eta) Scheme, Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) Scheme, and Revised MM5 Monin–Obukhov Scheme are used. This study shows that vertical velocity, geopotential thickness, wind shear, and Bulk Richardson Number Shear are correlated with CAT as the model predicted both upward (6–8 m/s) and downward (− 2 m/s) wind velocity very close to each other between 400 and 550 hPa levels along with strong geopotential thickness gradient and strong wind shear gradient near the accident location. This could lead to CAT. CAT dissipates as we go higher in the atmosphere above 550 hPa.

Suggested Citation

  • Gitesh Wasson & Someshwar Das & S. K. Panda, 2022. "Numerical simulation of a Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) event over Northern India using WRF modeling system," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(3), pages 2605-2631, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:114:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-022-05481-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05481-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paul D. Williams & Manoj M. Joshi, 2013. "Intensification of winter transatlantic aviation turbulence in response to climate change," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(7), pages 644-648, July.
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