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Estimating the expansion of urban areas and urban heat islands (UHI) in Ghana: a case study

Author

Listed:
  • Isaac Buo

    (University of Tartu)

  • Valentina Sagris

    (University of Tartu)

  • Iuliia Burdun

    (University of Tartu)

  • Evelyn Uuemaa

    (University of Tartu)

Abstract

This research is focused on identifying urban sprawl pattern and extent in two rapidly growing major Ghanaian cities (Accra and Kumasi) and how urban expansion affected heat island effect over the period of 2002–2017 using remote sensing imagery. The research employed remotely sensed images from Landsat 7 and 8 missions for mapping the urban sprawl. Land cover classification was done by using object-based image analysis, and for land surface temperature estimation single-channel algorithm was used. The intensity and magnitude of urban heat island were estimated. The results showed that urban expansion was more dominant process than densification in both cities. A significant area of bare soils and sparsely vegetated lands became built-up accompanied by total disappearance of forest belt of Kumasi. The intensity and magnitude values indicated the presence and expansion of urban heat island in both cities. However, there was a significant amount of bare lands and sparsely vegetated areas with relatively high surface temperature in and around these cities. From the results of this work, we note that bare or sparsely vegetated land cover types in urban areas located in tropical climates can escalate overall urban temperatures. The urban heat island magnitude values were relatively higher compared to values for European cities during the heat wave of 2016. Although urban configurations and climatic conditions may be the reason for the differences, this shows how alarming and dangerous urban heat islands could be in tropical cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Isaac Buo & Valentina Sagris & Iuliia Burdun & Evelyn Uuemaa, 2021. "Estimating the expansion of urban areas and urban heat islands (UHI) in Ghana: a case study," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 105(2), pages 1299-1321, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:105:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-020-04355-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04355-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abass, Kabila & Adanu, Selase Kofi & Agyemang, Seth, 2018. "Peri-urbanisation and loss of arable land in Kumasi Metropolis in three decades: Evidence from remote sensing image analysis," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 470-479.
    2. Azad Rasul & Heiko Balzter & Gaylan R. Faqe Ibrahim & Hasan M. Hameed & James Wheeler & Bashir Adamu & Sa’ad Ibrahim & Peshawa M. Najmaddin, 2018. "Applying Built-Up and Bare-Soil Indices from Landsat 8 to Cities in Dry Climates," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-13, July.
    3. van Ham, Maarten & Tammaru, Tiit & de Vuijst, Elise & Zwiers, Merle, 2016. "Spatial Segregation and Socio-Economic Mobility in European Cities," IZA Discussion Papers 10277, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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    Cited by:

    1. Rakin Abrar & Showmitra Kumar Sarkar & Kashfia Tasnim Nishtha & Swapan Talukdar & Shahfahad & Atiqur Rahman & Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam & Amir Mosavi, 2022. "Assessing the Spatial Mapping of Heat Vulnerability under Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-24, April.
    2. Naji Akbar & Ismaila Rimi Abubakar & Ayesha Agha Shah & Wafa Al-Madani, 2021. "Ecological Embeddedness in the Maya Built Environment: Inspiration for Contemporary Cities," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-29, December.
    3. Yuanzheng Li & Zezhi Zhao & Yashu Xin & Ao Xu & Shuyan Xie & Yi Yan & Lan Wang, 2022. "How Are Land-Use/Land-Cover Indices and Daytime and Nighttime Land Surface Temperatures Related in Eleven Urban Centres in Different Global Climatic Zones?," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-22, August.
    4. Sarfo, Isaac & Bi, Shuoben & Xu, Xiuhua & Yeboah, Emmanuel & Kwang, Clement & Batame, Michael & Addai, Foster Kofi & Adamu, Umar Wakil & Appea, Emmanuella Aboagye & Djan, Michael Atuahene & Otchwemah,, 2023. "Planning for cooler cities in Ghana: Contribution of green infrastructure to urban heat mitigation in Kumasi Metropolis," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).

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