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Predicting site-specific storm wave run-up

Author

Listed:
  • Julia W. Fiedler

    (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)

  • Adam P. Young

    (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)

  • Bonnie C. Ludka

    (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)

  • William C. O’Reilly

    (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)

  • Cassandra Henderson

    (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)

  • Mark A. Merrifield

    (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)

  • R. T. Guza

    (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)

Abstract

Storm wave run-up causes beach erosion, wave overtopping, and street flooding. Extreme runup estimates may be improved, relative to predictions from general empirical formulae with default parameter values, by using historical storm waves and eroded profiles in numerical runup simulations. A climatology of storm wave run-up at Imperial Beach, California is developed using the numerical model SWASH, and over a decade of hindcast spectral waves and observed depth profiles. For use in a local flood warning system, the relationship between incident wave energy spectra E(f) and SWASH-modeled shoreline water levels is approximated with the numerically simple integrated power law approximation (IPA). Broad and multi-peaked E(f) are accommodated by characterizing wave forcing with frequency-weighted integrals of E(f). This integral approach improves runup estimates compared to the more commonly used bulk parameterization using deep water wave height $$H_0$$ H 0 and deep water wavelength $$L_0$$ L 0 Hunt (Trans Am Soc Civ Eng 126(4):542–570, 1961) and Stockdon et al. (Coast Eng 53(7):573–588, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.12.005 ). Scaling of energy and frequency contributions in IPA, determined by searching parameter space for the best fit to SWASH, show an $$H_0L_0$$ H 0 L 0 scaling is near optimal. IPA performance is tested with LiDAR observations of storm run-up, which reached 2.5 m above the offshore water level, overtopped backshore riprap, and eroded the foreshore beach slope. Driven with estimates from a regional wave model and observed $$\beta _f$$ β f , the IPA reproduced observed run-up with $$

Suggested Citation

  • Julia W. Fiedler & Adam P. Young & Bonnie C. Ludka & William C. O’Reilly & Cassandra Henderson & Mark A. Merrifield & R. T. Guza, 2020. "Predicting site-specific storm wave run-up," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 104(1), pages 493-517, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:104:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s11069-020-04178-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04178-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Reichert, P. & White, G. & Bayarri, M.J. & Pitman, E.B., 2011. "Mechanism-based emulation of dynamic simulation models: Concept and application in hydrology," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 55(4), pages 1638-1655, April.
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