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Evidence of prehistoric liquefaction in Kuwait and implications for the seismic vulnerability of the Arabian Gulf Countries

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  • Firyal Bou-Rabee

    (Kuwait University)

  • Yin Lu Young

    (University of Michigan)

  • Emile A. Okal

    (Northwestern University)

Abstract

This paper presents and analyzes paleo-liquefaction features found in the State of Kuwait. The features are cemented sand and gravel-filled dikes of Pleisto–Holocene age with appearance and composition similar to typical “sandstone pipes.” The significant age difference between the cemented dikes and the surrounding loose sand, the size and spatial distribution of the dikes, and the local geologic and hydrologic setting all suggest that the feature probably results from a single large event of seismic origin. Likely hypotheses include shaking during large earthquakes or seiching of tsunami-like waves. Additional research is needed to identify the exact cause of these dike formations, which is important for the purpose of improving seismic risk and vulnerability assessment of the Arabian Gulf countries. The search may also help explain the disappearance of an ancient civilization that lived in the same region approximately seven thousand years ago.

Suggested Citation

  • Firyal Bou-Rabee & Yin Lu Young & Emile A. Okal, 2020. "Evidence of prehistoric liquefaction in Kuwait and implications for the seismic vulnerability of the Arabian Gulf Countries," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(1), pages 799-813, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:103:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s11069-020-04013-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04013-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amir Salaree & Reza Mansouri & Emile A. Okal, 2018. "The intriguing tsunami of 19 March 2017 at Bandar Dayyer, Iran: field survey and simulations," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 90(3), pages 1277-1307, February.
    2. Mohammad Mokhtari & Iraj Abdollahie Fard & Khaled Hessami, 2008. "Structural elements of the Makran region, Oman sea and their potential relevance to tsunamigenisis," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 47(2), pages 185-199, November.
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    1. P. Subraelu & Abdel Azim Ebraheem & Mohsen Sherif & Ahmed Sefelnasr & M. M. Yagoub & Kakani Nageswara Rao, 2022. "Land in Water: The Study of Land Reclamation and Artificial Islands Formation in the UAE Coastal Zone: A Remote Sensing and GIS Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-28, November.

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