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Climate change impact, mitigation and adaptation strategies for agricultural and water resources, in Ganga Plain (India)

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  • Anil Misra

Abstract

Agriculture consumes more than two-thirds of global fresh water out of which 90 % is used by developing countries. Freshwater consumption worldwide is expected to rise another 25 %by 2030 due to increase in population from 6.6 billion currently to about 8 billion by 2030 and over 9 billion by 2050. Worldwide climate change and variability are affecting water resources and agricultural production and in India Ganga Plain region is one of them. Hydroclimatic changes are very prominent in all the regions of Ganga Plain. Climate change and variability impacts are further drying the semi-arid areas and may cause serious problem of water and food scarcity for about 250 million people of the area. About 80 million ha out of total 141 million ha net cultivated area of India is rainfed, which contributes approximately 44 % of total food production has been severely affected by climate change. Further changing climatic conditions are causing prominent hydrological variations like change in drainage density, river morphology (tectonic control) & geometry, water quality and precipitation. Majority of the river channels seen today in the Ganga Plain has migrated from their historic positions. Large scale changes in land use and land cover pattern, cropping pattern, drainage pattern and over exploitation of water resources are modifying the hydrological cycle in Ganga basin. The frequency of floods and drought and its intensity has increased manifold. Ganga Plain rivers has changed their course with time and the regional hydrological conditions shows full control over the rates and processes by which environments geomorphically evolve. Approximately 47 % of total irrigated area of the country is located in Ganga Plain, which is severely affected by changing climatic conditions. In long run climate change will affect the quantity and quality of the crops and the crop yield is going to be down. This will increase the already high food inflation in the country. The warmer atmospheric temperatures and drought conditions will increase soil salinization, desertification and drying-up of aquifer, while flooding conditions will escalate soil erosion, soil degradation and sedimentation. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of different hydrological changes due to climatic conditions and come up with easily and economically feasible solutions effective in addressing the problem of water and food scarcity in future. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Anil Misra, 2013. "Climate change impact, mitigation and adaptation strategies for agricultural and water resources, in Ganga Plain (India)," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 18(5), pages 673-689, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:masfgc:v:18:y:2013:i:5:p:673-689
    DOI: 10.1007/s11027-012-9381-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. P. C. D. Milly & R. T. Wetherald & K. A. Dunne & T. L. Delworth, 2002. "Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate," Nature, Nature, vol. 415(6871), pages 514-517, January.
    2. Anil Misra, 2011. "Impact of Urbanization on the Hydrology of Ganga Basin (India)," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(2), pages 705-719, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dengpan Xiao & Juana Moiwo & Fulu Tao & Yonghui Yang & Yanjun Shen & Quanhong Xu & Jianfeng Liu & He Zhang & Fengshan Liu, 2015. "Spatiotemporal variability of winter wheat phenology in response to weather and climate variability in China," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 20(7), pages 1191-1202, October.
    2. Nasem Badreldin & Rudi Goossens, 2015. "A satellite-based disturbance index algorithm for monitoring mitigation strategies effects on desertification change in an arid environment," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 263-276, February.
    3. J. Sun & Y. P. Li & X. W. Zhuang & S.W. Jin & G. H. Huang & R. F. Feng, 2018. "Identifying water resources management strategies in adaptation to climate change under uncertainty," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 553-578, April.

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