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Fertility, child care outside the home, and pay-as-you-go social security

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  • Makoto Hirazawa
  • Akira Yakita

Abstract

This chapter examines the long-term effects of PAYG social security on fertility and the welfare of individuals, assuming that child-care services are available in the market. The availability of market child-care services exerts positive effects on fertility decisions of parents, and a greater number of younger generations work in the market and contribute more to the social security system. On the other hand, a PAYG social security will negatively affect capital accumulation of the economy through consumption-savings behaviors of individuals.
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  • Makoto Hirazawa & Akira Yakita, 2009. "Fertility, child care outside the home, and pay-as-you-go social security," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 22(3), pages 565-583, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jopoec:v:22:y:2009:i:3:p:565-583
    DOI: 10.1007/s00148-007-0153-8
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    Cited by:

    1. Yasuoka, Masaya & Goto, Naohisa, 2011. "Pension and child care policies with endogenous fertility," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 2478-2482.
    2. Takashi Oshio & Masaya Yasuoka, 2009. "Maximum size of social security in a model of endogenous fertility," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 29(2), pages 644-654.
    3. Kazumasa Oguro & Masaya Yasuoka, 2017. "Stress, Child Care, and Fertility," Discussion Paper Series 153, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Jan 2017.
    4. Kazunobu Muro, 2023. "Endogenous fertility cycles and childcare services," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 19(2), pages 221-247, June.
    5. Masatoshi Jinno & Masaya Yasuoka, 2016. "Are the social security benefits of pensions or child-care policies best financed by a consumption tax?," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center, vol. 12(3), pages 94-112, September.
    6. Masaya Yasuoka & Naohisa Goto, 2015. "How is the child allowance to be financed? By income tax or consumption tax?," International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), vol. 62(3), pages 249-269, September.
    7. Creina Day, 2018. "Inverse J Effect of Economic Growth on Fertility: A Model of Gender Wages and Maternal Time Substitution," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 39(4), pages 577-587, December.
    8. Kohei Daido & Ken Tabata, 2013. "Social Norms on Working Hours, Work-Life Balance, and Fertility Choice," Discussion Paper Series 108, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Sep 2013.
    9. Eva Mörk & Anna Sjögren & Helena Svaleryd, 2013. "Childcare costs and the demand for children—evidence from a nationwide reform," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 26(1), pages 33-65, January.
    10. Creina Day, 2012. "Will Fertility Rebound In Japan," Asia Pacific Economic Papers 395, Australia-Japan Research Centre, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    11. Masaya Yasuoka, 2014. "Child-care Policies and Pension in an Endogenous Fertility Model," Discussion Paper Series 114, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Jan 2014.
    12. Muro, Kazunobu, 2022. "Physical and human capital, fertility, and childcare services," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(4), pages 422-436.
    13. Luciano Fanti & Luca Gori, 2014. "Endogenous fertility, endogenous lifetime and economic growth: the role of child policies," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 27(2), pages 529-564, April.
    14. Takehiro Ito & Kazumitsu Sako & Yurika Shiozu & Masatoshi Jinno & Masaya Yasuoka, 2024. "Analysis of Child Care Policies with an Uncertainty Model," Discussion Paper Series 269, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University.
    15. Zou, Tieding, 2017. "延迟退休的制约因素、政策效果与动态研究方法评价 [Restriction, Policy Effect and Dynamic Research Method to Delay Retirement]," MPRA Paper 85556, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 30 Jan 2018.
    16. Koichi FUTAGAMI & Kunihiko KONISHI, 2017. "Population Dynamics, Longer Life Expectancy, and Child-Rearing Policies in an R&D-based Growth Model with Overlapping Generations," Economic Analysis, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), vol. 193, pages 21-49, March.
    17. Takehiro Ito & Kazumitsu Sako & Yurika Shiozu & Masatoshi Jinno & Masaya Yasuoka, 2024. "Analysis of Child Care Support Policies in a Model of Endogenous Fertility," Discussion Paper Series 270, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University.
    18. Amy Farmer & Andrew W. Horowitz & Na Tan, 2020. "Sibling donation games: pure‐altruism, strategic‐altruism, and the interaction of familial and public transfers," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 87(2), pages 608-628, October.
    19. Koichi Miyazaki, 2013. "Pay-as-you-go social security and endogenous fertility in a neoclassical growth model," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 26(3), pages 1233-1250, July.
    20. Creina Day, 2012. "Economic Growth, Gender Wage Gap and Fertility Rebound," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 88(s1), pages 88-99, June.
    21. Masatoshi Jinno & Masaya Yasuoka, 2016. "Tax System, Replacement Rate of Pension and Child Allowance," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 3(3), pages 148-157, August.
    22. Komura, Mizuki & Ogawa, Hikaru, 2014. "Pension and the Family," IZA Discussion Papers 8479, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    23. Takehiro Ito & Kazumitsu Sako & Yurika Shiozu & Masatoshi Jinno & Masaya Yasuoka, 2024. "Policy Analysis in Endogenous Fertility Model with Human Capital Accumulation," Discussion Paper Series 268, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University.
    24. Miyazawa, Kazutoshi, 2016. "Grandparental child care, child allowances, and fertility," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 7(C), pages 53-60.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Fertility; Child care outside the home; Pay-as-you-go social security; D91; J13; J21;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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