IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/jknowl/v11y2020i3d10.1007_s13132-019-00596-2.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Estimating GDP Growth in Saudi Arabia Under the Government’s Vision 2030: a Knowledge-based Economy Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Amina Amirat

    (University of Jeddah)

  • Makram Zaidi

    (Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University)

Abstract

A knowledge-based economy is one where the generation and utilization of knowledge contribute significantly to economic growth and wealth creation. Thus, the economy must be characterized by knowledge-based activities and high-tech industries accounting for a significant share of GDP growth. Under the Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia is moving from oil-based economy to knowledge-based economy. Hence, the identification of components of knowledge economy is very important to understand its influence on macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product (GDP). In this paper, we choose five components for knowledge economy: employment, education, innovation, ICT, and human capital. Using annual data from 1991 to 2017, we estimate the GDP growth and we find that GDP can be estimated by scientific and technical journal articles, mean age of education, mobile telecommunication revenues, unemployment rate, and HD index. We also find that predicted GDP behaves as an observed one with quite difference in values which can be explained by the impact of other economic factors on GDP.

Suggested Citation

  • Amina Amirat & Makram Zaidi, 2020. "Estimating GDP Growth in Saudi Arabia Under the Government’s Vision 2030: a Knowledge-based Economy Approach," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 11(3), pages 1145-1170, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jknowl:v:11:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s13132-019-00596-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s13132-019-00596-2
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13132-019-00596-2
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s13132-019-00596-2?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Romer, Paul M, 1986. "Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 94(5), pages 1002-1037, October.
    2. Paloma Lopez-Garcia & Jose Manuel Montero, 2012. "Spillovers and absorptive capacity in the decision to innovate of Spanish firms: the role of human capital," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(7), pages 589-612, October.
    3. Rebelo, Sergio, 1991. "Long-Run Policy Analysis and Long-Run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 99(3), pages 500-521, June.
    4. N. Gregory Mankiw & David Romer & David N. Weil, 1992. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(2), pages 407-437.
    5. Mohammad Nurunnabi, 2017. "Transformation from an Oil-based Economy to a Knowledge-based Economy in Saudi Arabia: the Direction of Saudi Vision 2030," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 8(2), pages 536-564, June.
    6. Buesa, Mikel & Heijs, Joost & Baumert, Thomas, 2010. "The determinants of regional innovation in Europe: A combined factorial and regression knowledge production function approach," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 722-735, July.
    7. Jovanovic, Boyan & Rousseau, Peter L., 2005. "General Purpose Technologies," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 18, pages 1181-1224, Elsevier.
    8. Romer, Paul M, 1990. "Endogenous Technological Change," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages 71-102, October.
    9. Akmal Umar, 2016. "The Analysis of Investment, Labor, Exports, Exchange Rate’s Effect toward the Indonesian Economic Growth," Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, vol. 3(4), pages 248-255.
    10. Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), 2005. "Handbook of Economic Growth," Handbook of Economic Growth, Elsevier, edition 1, volume 1, number 1.
    11. Alexandre Gori Maia & Esther Menezes, 2014. "Economic growth, labor and productivity in Brazil and the United States: a comparative analysis," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Center of Political Economy, vol. 34(2), pages 212-229.
    12. Yousra Mekdad & Aziz Dahmani & Monir Louadj, 2014. "Public spending on education and Economic Growth in Algeria: Causality Test," Proceedings of International Academic Conferences 0101002, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.
    13. Jacob,Margaret C., 2014. "The First Knowledge Economy," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107044012, September.
    14. Ese Urhie, 2014. "Public Education Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Disaggregated Approach," Journal of Empirical Economics, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 3(6), pages 370-382.
    15. Amzad Hossain, 2015. "Evolution of Mutual Knowledge-Based Economy in Regional Integration: An Experience from the Cooperation Council of Arab States of the Gulf," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 6(4), pages 790-817, December.
    16. Grossman, Gene M. & Helpman, Elhanan, 1991. "Trade, knowledge spillovers, and growth," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(2-3), pages 517-526, April.
    17. Abolfazl Shahabadi & Morteza Nemati & Seyed Ehsan Hosseinidoust, 2017. "The Effect of Knowledge Economy Factors on Income Inequality in the Selected Islamic Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 8(4), pages 1174-1188, December.
    18. Gerguri, Shqipe & Ramadani, Veland, 2010. "The Impact of Innovation into the Economic Growth," MPRA Paper 22270, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Jacob,Margaret C., 2014. "The First Knowledge Economy," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107619838, September.
    20. Robert J. Barro, 2001. "Human Capital and Growth," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(2), pages 12-17, May.
    21. Chong Ju Choi & Carla C. J. M. Millar & Caroline Y. L. Wong, 2005. "Knowledge and Measurement," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Knowledge Entanglements, chapter 0, pages 77-96, Palgrave Macmillan.
    22. Akmal Umar, 2016. "The Analysis of Investment, Labor, Exports, Exchange Rate’s Effect toward the Indonesian Economic Growth," Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, vol. 3(4), pages 248-255.
    23. Lucas, Robert Jr., 1988. "On the mechanics of economic development," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 3-42, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mariia Ostapchuk & Claire Auplat & Pierre Boucard, 2023. "Economic Growth and Scientific Knowledge as Determinants of Innovation Uptake in a Situation of Uncertainty About Environmental or Health Risk," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(2), pages 1602-1634, June.
    2. Saeid Alaei & Seyed Hossein Razavi Hajiagha & Hannan Amoozad Mahdiraji & Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes, 2023. "Unveiling the role of sustainable supply chain drivers toward knowledge-based economy via a novel permutation approach: implications from an emerging economy," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 1231-1250, September.
    3. Voxi Heinrich Amavilah & Antonio Rodríguez Andrés, 2024. "Knowledge Economy and the Economic Performance of African Countries: A Seemingly Unrelated and Recursive Approach," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(1), pages 110-143, March.
    4. Mohammed Abdul Fasi, 2024. "Triple Helix Collaboration: Uncovering Research Opportunities Among Industry, Academia, and Researchers—A Case Study of Saudi Aramco’s Patent Portfolio Analysis," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(3), pages 14486-14520, September.
    5. Nusrat Hafiz & Ahmad Shaharudin Abdul Latiff & Md Asadul Islam & Abu Naser Mohammad Saif & Sazali Abd Wahab, 2022. "Towards the Underlying Theories of Small Firm Growth: A Literature Review," FIIB Business Review, , vol. 11(1), pages 36-51, March.
    6. Nefo Indra Nizar & Nunung Nuryartono & Bambang Juanda & Akhmad Fauzi, 2024. "Can Knowledge and Culture Eradicate Poverty and Reduce Income Inequality? The Evidence from Indonesia," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 6425-6450, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sefa Awaworyi Churchill & Mehmet Ugur & Siew Ling Yew, 2017. "Does Government Size Affect Per-Capita Income Growth? A Hierarchical Meta-Regression Analysis," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 93(300), pages 142-171, March.
    2. Osiris Jorge Parcero & James Christopher Ryan, 2017. "Becoming a Knowledge Economy: the Case of Qatar, UAE, and 17 Benchmark Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 8(4), pages 1146-1173, December.
    3. Ralph Hippe & Roger Fouquet, 2024. "The Human Capital Transition and the Role of Policy," Springer Books, in: Claude Diebolt & Michael Haupert (ed.), Handbook of Cliometrics, edition 3, pages 411-457, Springer.
    4. Tran, Nguyen Van & Alauddin, Mohammad & Tran, Quyet Van, 2019. "Labour quality and benefits reaped from global economic integration: An application of dynamic panel SGMM estimators," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 92-106.
    5. Capolupo, Rosa, 2009. "The New Growth Theories and Their Empirics after Twenty Years," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 3, pages 1-72.
    6. Voxi Heinrich Amavilah & Antonio Rodríguez Andrés, 2024. "Knowledge Economy and the Economic Performance of African Countries: A Seemingly Unrelated and Recursive Approach," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(1), pages 110-143, March.
    7. Aribah Aslam, 2020. "The hotly debate of human capital and economic growth: why institutions may matter?," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1351-1362, August.
    8. Ejike Udeogu & Shampa Roy-Mukherjee & Uzochukwu Amakom, 2021. "Does Increasing Product Complexity and Diversity Cause Economic Growth in the Long-Run? A GMM Panel VAR Evidence," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, August.
    9. Ruttan, Vernon W., 1998. "Growth Economics And Development Economics: What Should Development Economists Learn (If Anything) From The New Growth Theory?," Bulletins 12972, University of Minnesota, Economic Development Center.
    10. Merve Aksoylar Baysoy & Sumru Altug, 2019. "Growth Spillovers in the MENA Region," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 1909, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.
    11. Boikos, Spyridon & Bucci, Alberto & Stengos, Thanasis, 2022. "Leisure and innovation in horizontal R&D-based growth," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    12. Schreiner, Lena & Madlener, Reinhard, 2022. "Investing in power grid infrastructure as a flexibility option: A DSGE assessment for Germany," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    13. Antonio Ciccone & Giovanni Peri & Douglas Almond, "undated". "Capital, Wages, and Growth: Theory and Evidence," Working Papers 152, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.
    14. Carine Nourry, 2012. "Dasgupta, D.: Modern growth theory," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 105(1), pages 97-100, January.
    15. V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 1996. "The Poverty of Nations: A Quantitative Exploration," NBER Working Papers 5414, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Andersson, Fredrik N.G. & Edgerton, David L. & Opper, Sonja, 2013. "A Matter of Time: Revisiting Growth Convergence in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 239-251.
    17. Alfò, Marco & Carbonari, Lorenzo & Trovato, Giovanni, 2023. "On the effects of taxation on growth: an empirical assessment," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(5), pages 1289-1318, July.
    18. Saima Javed & Yu Rong & Hafiz Muhammad Ihsan Zafeer & Samra Maqbool & Babar Nawaz Abbasi, 2024. "Unleashing the potential: a quest to understand and examine the factors enriching research and innovation productivities of South Asian universities," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    19. Rogers, Mark Llewellyn, 2008. "Directly unproductive schooling: How country characteristics affect the impact of schooling on growth," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 356-385, February.
    20. Michael S. Delgado & Daniel J. Henderson & Christopher F. Parmeter, 2014. "Does Education Matter for Economic Growth?," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 76(3), pages 334-359, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Education; Employment GDP; ICT; Innovation; Knowledge economy; Regression;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C10 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - General
    • J01 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics: General
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:jknowl:v:11:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s13132-019-00596-2. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.