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Water security in the GCC countries: challenges and opportunities

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  • Omar Saif
  • Toufic Mezher
  • Hassan Arafat

Abstract

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) inhabits of one of the most water-scarce regions in the world, once comprised small impoverished desert principalities. However, since the 1970s, the GCC has witnessed rapid population growth and economic development, brought on by sharp increases in oil revenues. Population growth coupled with increased urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural output has placed tremendous pressure on the region’s scarce groundwater resources. GCC countries are all using hundreds to thousands times more water than sustainable recharge would allow. Their water footprints, among the highest in the world, are sustained by unconventional sources of water such as desalination, wastewater reuse, and the import of “virtual” water via agricultural goods. This paper analyzes the current state of water in the GCC using a water–energy–food (WEF) nexus approach. The paper discusses various proposals for meeting future water needs in the GCC such as renewable energy-powered desalination and foreign direct investment in agricultural land and addresses the various tradeoffs involved. Copyright The Psychonomic Society Inc. 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Omar Saif & Toufic Mezher & Hassan Arafat, 2014. "Water security in the GCC countries: challenges and opportunities," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 4(4), pages 329-346, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jenvss:v:4:y:2014:i:4:p:329-346
    DOI: 10.1007/s13412-014-0178-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Amal Aldababseh & Marouane Temimi & Praveen Maghelal & Oliver Branch & Volker Wulfmeyer, 2018. "Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Irrigated Agriculture Suitability to Achieve Food Security in an Arid Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-33, March.
    3. Shayma Al Bannay & Satoshi Takizawa, 2022. "Decoupling of Water Production and Electricity Generation from GDP and Population in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, April.
    4. J. Jed Brown & Probir Das & Mohammad Al-Saidi, 2018. "Sustainable Agriculture in the Arabian/Persian Gulf Region Utilizing Marginal Water Resources: Making the Best of a Bad Situation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, April.
    5. Li, Sheying & Cai, Yang-Hui & Schäfer, Andrea I. & Richards, Bryce S., 2019. "Renewable energy powered membrane technology: A review of the reliability of photovoltaic-powered membrane system components for brackish water desalination," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    6. Athar Kamal & Sami G. Al-Ghamdi & Muammer Koç, 2021. "Assessing the Impact of Water Efficiency Policies on Qatar’s Electricity and Water Sectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-30, July.
    7. Shahira A. Ahmed & Panagiotis Karanis, 2020. "Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis: The Perspective from the Gulf Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-34, September.
    8. Alasam Alzaabi, Mohammed S.M. & Mezher, Toufic, 2021. "Analyzing existing UAE national water, energy and food nexus related strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).

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