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Early life risk factors and their cumulative effects as predictors of overweight in Spanish children

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  • Isabel Iguacel

    (University of Zaragoza
    Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2)
    Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn))

  • Laura Escartín

    (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón))

  • Juan M. Fernández-Alvira

    (University of Zaragoza
    Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC))

  • Iris Iglesia

    (University of Zaragoza
    Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2)
    Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)
    Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), RETICS ISCIII)

  • Idoia Labayen

    (Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU)

  • Luis A. Moreno

    (University of Zaragoza
    Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2)
    Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn))

  • María Pilar Samper

    (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)
    Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), RETICS ISCIII
    Universidad de Zaragoza)

  • Gerardo Rodríguez

    (University of Zaragoza
    Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2)
    Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)
    Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), RETICS ISCIII)

Abstract

Objectives To explore early life risk factors of overweight/obesity at age 6 years and their cumulative effects on overweight/obesity at ages 2, 4 and 6 years. Methods Altogether 1031 Spanish children were evaluated at birth and during a 6-year follow-up. Early life risk factors included: parental overweight/obesity, parental origin/ethnicity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, gestational age, birth weight, caesarean section, breastfeeding practices and rapid infant weight gain collected via hospital records. Cumulative effects were assessed by adding up those early risk factors that significantly increased the risk of overweight/obesity. We conducted binary logistic regression models. Results Rapid infant weight gain (OR 2.29, 99% CI 1.54–3.42), maternal overweight/obesity (OR 1.93, 99% CI 1.27–2.92), paternal overweight/obesity (OR 2.17, 99% CI 1.44–3.28), Latin American/Roma origin (OR 3.20, 99% CI 1.60–6.39) and smoking during pregnancy (OR 1.61, 99% CI 1.01–2.59) remained significant after adjusting for confounders. A higher number of early life risk factors accumulated was associated with overweight/obesity at age 6 years but not at age 2 and 4 years. Conclusions Rapid infant weight gain, parental overweight/obesity, maternal smoking and origin/ethnicity predict childhood overweight/obesity and present cumulative effects. Monitoring children with rapid weight gain and supporting a healthy parental weight are important for childhood obesity prevention.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabel Iguacel & Laura Escartín & Juan M. Fernández-Alvira & Iris Iglesia & Idoia Labayen & Luis A. Moreno & María Pilar Samper & Gerardo Rodríguez, 2018. "Early life risk factors and their cumulative effects as predictors of overweight in Spanish children," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(4), pages 501-512, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ijphth:v:63:y:2018:i:4:d:10.1007_s00038-018-1090-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1090-x
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    1. James White & David Rehkopf & Laust Hvas Mortensen, 2016. "Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Body Mass Index, Underweight and Obesity among English Children, 2007–2008 to 2011–2012," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, January.
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