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The efficacy and short-term effects of electronic cigarettes as a method for smoking cessation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

Author

Listed:
  • S. Khoudigian

    (McMaster University)

  • T. Devji

    (McMaster University)

  • L. Lytvyn

    (McMaster University)

  • K. Campbell

    (McMaster University
    St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton
    Research Institute of St. Joseph’s)

  • R. Hopkins

    (McMaster University
    St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton
    Research Institute of St. Joseph’s)

  • D. O’Reilly

    (McMaster University
    St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton
    Research Institute of St. Joseph’s)

Abstract

Objectives E-cigarettes are increasingly popular as smoking cessation aids. This review assessed the efficacy of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation as well as desire to smoke, withdrawal symptoms, and adverse events in adult smokers. Methods A systematic review was conducted. Studies comparing e-cigarettes to other nicotine replacement therapies or placebo were included. Data were pooled using meta-analysis. Results Of 569 articles, 5 were eligible. Study participants were more likely to stop smoking when using nicotine e-cigarettes (43/489, 9 %) versus placebo e-cigarettes (8/173, 5 %); however, this difference was not statistically significant (RR 2.02; 95 % CI 0.97, 4.22). The pooled effect estimates for the desire to smoke (RR −0.22; 95 % CI −0.80, 0.36), irritability (RR −0.03; 95% CI −0.38, 0.31), restlessness (RR −0.03; 95 % CI −0.42, 0.35), poor concentration (RR −0.01; 95 % CI −0.35, 0.32), depression (RR −0.01; 95 % CI −0.22, 0.20), hunger (RR −0.01; 95 % CI −0.32, 0.30), and average number of non-serious adverse events (RR −0.09; 95 % CI −0.28, 0.46) were not statistically significantly different. Only one study reported serious adverse events with no apparent association with e-cigarette use. Conclusions Limited low-quality evidence of a non-statistically significant trend toward smoking cessation in adults using nicotine e-cigarettes exists compared with other therapies or placebo. Larger, high-quality studies are needed to inform policy decisions.

Suggested Citation

  • S. Khoudigian & T. Devji & L. Lytvyn & K. Campbell & R. Hopkins & D. O’Reilly, 2016. "The efficacy and short-term effects of electronic cigarettes as a method for smoking cessation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 61(2), pages 257-267, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ijphth:v:61:y:2016:i:2:d:10.1007_s00038-016-0786-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s00038-016-0786-z
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    Cited by:

    1. Jidong Huang & Zongshuan Duan & Yu Wang & Pamela B. Redmon & Michael P. Eriksen, 2020. "Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in China: Evidence from Citywide Representative Surveys from Five Chinese Cities in 2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Socrates Yong-da Wu & Man Ping Wang & William H. Li & Antonio C. Kwong & Vienna W. Lai & Tai Hing Lam, 2018. "Does Electronic Cigarette Use Predict Abstinence from Conventional Cigarettes among Smokers in Hong Kong?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-10, February.
    3. Nino Künzli & Milo A. Puhan & L. Suzanne Suggs, 2019. "Will the Swiss pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai damage your health?," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 64(8), pages 1125-1126, November.
    4. Olatokunbo Osibogun & Zoran Bursac & Martin Mckee & Tan Li & Wasim Maziak, 2020. "Cessation outcomes in adult dual users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes: the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health cohort study, USA, 2013–2016," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 65(6), pages 923-936, July.

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