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Causal estimation of FTX collapse on cryptocurrency: a counterfactual prediction analysis

Author

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  • Khalid Khan

    (Hengxing University)

  • Adnan Khurshid

    (Zhejiang Normal University)

  • Javier Cifuentes-Faura

    (University of Murcia)

Abstract

This study uses the Bayesian structural model to assess the causal effect of the futures exchange (FTX) insolvency on cryptocurrencies from October 2022 to December 14, 2022. Findings show that FTX insolvency negatively impacts cryptocurrencies. Moreover, the results indicate rapid divergence from counterfactual predictions, and the actual cryptocurrencies are consistently lower than would have been expected in the absence of the FTX collapse. Cryptocurrency is reacting strongly to the uncertainty caused by insolvency. In relative terms, the collapse of FTX has been highly detrimental to Solana and Ethereum. Furthermore, the outcomes show that cryptocurrencies would not have been negatively affected if the intervention had not occurred. FTX collapsed owing to a mismatch between the assets and liabilities. The industry is still mostly unregulated, and regulators must act quickly, highlighting the need for outstanding innovation and decentralized and trustless technology adoption.

Suggested Citation

  • Khalid Khan & Adnan Khurshid & Javier Cifuentes-Faura, 2025. "Causal estimation of FTX collapse on cryptocurrency: a counterfactual prediction analysis," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:fininn:v:11:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1186_s40854-024-00690-8
    DOI: 10.1186/s40854-024-00690-8
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cryptocurrency; FTX collapse; Causal inference; Counterfactual predicting; Bayesian structural model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E66 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General Outlook and Conditions
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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