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The role of semantic assessment in the differential diagnosis between late-life depression and Alzheimer’s disease or amnestic mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Sandra Invernizzi

    (University of Mons
    Fonds National de La Recherche Scientifique)

  • Alice Bodart

    (University of Mons)

  • Laurent Lefebvre

    (University of Mons)

  • Isabelle Simoes Loureiro

    (University of Mons)

Abstract

Object The cognitive complaints encountered in late-life depression (LLD) make it difficult to distinguish from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on an analysis of neurocognitive disorders. The hypothesis of the early impairment of semantic memory in AD and aMCI is considered a potential differential cognitive clue, but the absence of this impairment has not yet been confirmed in LLD. Method Based on the PRISMA method, we systematically seek neuropsychological assessments of individuals with LLD, the present study included 31 studies representing 3291 controls and 2820 people with LLD. Wherever possible, studies that tested simultaneously groups with LLD, AD (or aMCI) were also included. The results of the group of neuropsychological tasks relying on semantic memory were analyzed in two groups of tasks with high- or low-executive demand. The mean average effect of LLD was calculated and compared to the incremental effect of aMCI or AD on the scores. Linear regressions including education, age, and severity and type of depression were run to seek their power of prediction for the mean average effects. Results LLD has a medium effect on scores at semantic and phonemic fluency and naming and a small average effect on the low-executive demand tasks. Differences in education is a predictor of the effect of LLD on phonemic fluency and naming but not on semantic fluency or on low-executive demand tasks. Except for semantic fluency, aMCI did not demonstrate an incremental effect on the scores compared to LLD, while AD did, for all the tasks except phonemic fluency. Conclusion Assessment of semantic memory can be a discriminating clue for the distinction between depression and Alzheimer’s disease but some methodological variables are highly influential to the scores, especially education. However, high-executive semantic tasks alone do not allow us to clearly distinguish LLD from AD or aMCI, as both pathologies seem to have a largely dialectical influential relationship, but low-executive semantic tasks appear as more sensible to this pathological distinction.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandra Invernizzi & Alice Bodart & Laurent Lefebvre & Isabelle Simoes Loureiro, 2023. "The role of semantic assessment in the differential diagnosis between late-life depression and Alzheimer’s disease or amnestic mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eujoag:v:20:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s10433-023-00780-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10433-023-00780-z
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    1. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, 2010. "Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 36(i03).
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