IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/eujhec/v21y2020i5d10.1007_s10198-020-01174-z.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Healthcare expenditure and carbon footprint in the USA: evidence from hidden cointegration approach

Author

Listed:
  • Murat Gündüz

    (Usak University)

Abstract

The priority aim of this study is to investigate the effect of carbon footprint, which is an indicator of environmental degradation, on health expenditures for the USA. In the study, cointegration analysis was performed for the period 1970–2016 by using health expenditures, carbon footprint, gross domestic product per capita and life expectancy at birth variables. According to the results of standard cointegration analysis, only cointegration relationship between health expenditures and income was found. In the models with carbon footprint, no cointegration relationship was discovered between the original values of the variables. This result was approached with suspicion, and it was thought that there might be a hidden cointegration between healthcare expenditures and carbon footprint. For this purpose, the hidden cointegration analysis and crouching error correction model proposed by Granger and Yoon [18] were employed among the positive and negative components of the variables of healthcare expenditures and carbon footprint. The results of the hidden cointegration analysis revealed that there was a hidden cointegration relationship between the positive components of healthcare expenditures and the positive components of carbon footprint. Analysis results show that a 1% increase in carbon footprint will cause a 2.04% increase in healthcare expenditures in the long term in the USA. When the positive components of the variables were considered, it was concluded that there was a one-way long-term asymmetric causality relationship between carbon footprint and healthcare expenditures. As a result of the study, it was proposed that the carbon footprint should be diminished to prevent the increasing burden of the healthcare expenditures on the budget.

Suggested Citation

  • Murat Gündüz, 2020. "Healthcare expenditure and carbon footprint in the USA: evidence from hidden cointegration approach," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 21(5), pages 801-811, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eujhec:v:21:y:2020:i:5:d:10.1007_s10198-020-01174-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10198-020-01174-z
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10198-020-01174-z
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10198-020-01174-z?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Søren Johansen & Morten Ørregaard Nielsen, 2012. "Likelihood Inference for a Fractionally Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Model," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 80(6), pages 2667-2732, November.
    2. Johansen, Søren & Nielsen, Morten Ørregaard, 2010. "Likelihood inference for a nonstationary fractional autoregressive model," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 158(1), pages 51-66, September.
    3. Nisha C. Hazra & Caroline Rudisill & Martin C. Gulliford, 2018. "Determinants of health care costs in the senior elderly: age, comorbidity, impairment, or proximity to death?," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 19(6), pages 831-842, July.
    4. Granger, Clive W.J. & YOON, GAWON, 2002. "Hidden Cointegration," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt9qn5f61j, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
    5. Apergis, Nicholas & Gupta, Rangan & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Mukherjee, Zinnia, 2018. "U.S. state-level carbon dioxide emissions: Does it affect health care expenditure?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 521-530.
    6. Kyriaki Remoundou & Phoebe Koundouri, 2009. "Environmental Effects on Public Health: An Economic Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-19, July.
    7. Beveridge, Stephen & Nelson, Charles R., 1981. "A new approach to decomposition of economic time series into permanent and transitory components with particular attention to measurement of the `business cycle'," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 151-174.
    8. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    9. Gbesemete, Kwame P. & Gerdtham, Ulf-G., 1992. "Determinants of health care expenditure in Africa: A cross-sectional study," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 303-308, February.
    10. Jennifer Roberts, 2000. "Spurious regression problems in the determinants of health care expenditure: a comment on Hitiris (1997)," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(5), pages 279-283.
    11. Narayan, Paresh Kumar & Narayan, Seema, 2008. "Does environmental quality influence health expenditures? Empirical evidence from a panel of selected OECD countries," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 367-374, April.
    12. Robin C. Sickles & William C. Horrace (ed.), 2014. "Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt," Springer Books, Springer, edition 127, number 978-1-4899-8008-3, April.
    13. Ching-Chuan Tsong & Cheng-Feng Lee & Li-Ju Tsai & Te-Chung Hu, 2016. "The Fourier approximation and testing for the null of cointegration," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 51(3), pages 1085-1113, November.
    14. Di Matteo, Livio, 2000. "The determinants of the public-private mix in Canadian health care expenditures: 1975-1996," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 87-112, June.
    15. Joseph P. Newhouse, 1977. "Medical-Care Expenditure: A Cross-National Survey," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 12(1), pages 115-125.
    16. Pierre‐Yves Crémieux & Pierre Ouellette & Caroline Pilon, 1999. "Health care spending as determinants of health outcomes," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 8(7), pages 627-639, November.
    17. Hitiris, Theo & Posnett, John, 1992. "The determinants and effects of health expenditure in developed countries," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 173-181, August.
    18. Abdulnasser Hatemi-J & Manuchehr Irandoust, 2012. "Asymmetric interaction between government spending and terms of trade volatility: New evidence from hidden cointegration technique," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 39(3), pages 368-378, December.
    19. Di Matteo, Livio & Di Matteo, Rosanna, 1998. "Evidence on the determinants of Canadian provincial government health expenditures: 1965-1991," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 211-228, April.
    20. Abdulnasser Hatemi‐J & Manuchehr Irandoust, 2012. "Asymmetric interaction between government spending and terms of trade volatility," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 39(3), pages 368-378, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ugur Korkut Pata, 2021. "Do renewable energy and health expenditures improve load capacity factor in the USA and Japan? A new approach to environmental issues," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 22(9), pages 1427-1439, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Di Matteo, Livio, 2005. "The macro determinants of health expenditure in the United States and Canada: assessing the impact of income, age distribution and time," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 23-42, January.
    2. Di Matteo, Livio & Cantarero-Prieto, David, 2018. "The Determinants of Public Health Expenditures: Comparing Canada and Spain," MPRA Paper 87800, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Marwa Farag & A. NandaKumar & Stanley Wallack & Dominic Hodgkin & Gary Gaumer & Can Erbil, 2012. "The income elasticity of health care spending in developing and developed countries," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 145-162, June.
    4. Silvia Fedeli, 2015. "The Impact of GDP on Health Care Expenditure: The Case of Italy (1982–2009)," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 122(2), pages 347-370, June.
    5. Fabio Pammolli & Francesco Porcelli & Francesco Vidoli & Monica Auteri & Guido Borà, 2017. "La spesa sanitaria delle Regioni in Italia - Saniregio2017," Working Papers CERM 01-2017, Competitività, Regole, Mercati (CERM).
    6. Hyejin Lee & Dong-Yop Oh & Ming Meng, 2019. "Stationarity and cointegration of health care expenditure and GDP: evidence from tests with smooth structural shifts," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 631-652, August.
    7. Byaro, Mwoya & Kinyondo, Abel & Michello, Charles & Musonda, Patrick, 2018. "Determinants of Public Health Expenditure Growth in Tanzania: An Application of Bayesian Model," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 6(1), January.
    8. Badi H. Baltagi & Raffaele Lagravinese & Francesco Moscone & Elisa Tosetti, 2017. "Health Care Expenditure and Income: A Global Perspective," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(7), pages 863-874, July.
    9. Narayan, Paresh Kumar & Narayan, Seema, 2008. "Does environmental quality influence health expenditures? Empirical evidence from a panel of selected OECD countries," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 367-374, April.
    10. James Ang, 2010. "The determinants of health care expenditure in Australia," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(7), pages 639-644.
    11. Faisal Abbas & Ulrich Hiemenz, 2013. "What determines public health expenditures in Pakistan? Role of income, urbanization and unemployment," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 46(4), pages 341-362, November.
    12. Kabaya, Kei, 2021. "Empirical analysis of associations between health expenditure and forest environments: A case of Japan," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    13. Shuyun May Li, Solmaz Moslehi, Siew Ling Yew, 2012. "Public-Private Mix of Health Expenditure: A Political Economy Approach and A Quantitative Exercise," Department of Economics - Working Papers Series 1157, The University of Melbourne.
    14. Yan Feng & Toby Watt & Anita Charlesworth & Grace Marsden & Adam Roberts & Jon Sussex, 2017. "What Determines the Health Care Expenditure of High Income Countries? A Dynamic Estimation," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 4(6), pages 1-16, November.
    15. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Juncal Cunado & Luis A. Gil-Alana & Rangan Gupta, 2018. "The relationship between healthcare expenditure and disposable personal income in the US states: a fractional integration and cointegration analysis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 913-935, November.
    16. Mehdi Barati & Hadiseh Fariditavana, 2020. "Asymmetric effect of income on the US healthcare expenditure: evidence from the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 1979-2008, April.
    17. DO ANGO, Simplicio & AMBA OYON, Claude Marius, 2016. "Health expenditure and Real disposable Income in the ECCAS: A Causal Study using spatial panel approach," MPRA Paper 79684, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Silvia Fedeli, 2012. "The impact of GDP on health care expenditure: the case of Italy (1982-2009)," Working Papers in Public Economics 153, Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza University of Roma.
    19. Olufunmilayo S. Tajudeen & Ibrahim A. Tajudeen & Risikat O. Dauda, 2018. "Quantifying Impacts of Macroeconomic and Non‐economic Factors on Public Health Expenditure: A Structural Time Series Model," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 30(2), pages 200-218, June.
    20. Chen, Yu-Lun & Xu, Ke, 2021. "The impact of RMB’s SDR inclusion on price discovery in onshore-offshore markets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Healthcare expenditure; Carbon footprint; Carbon emissions; Environmental quality; Hidden cointegration; Crouching error correction;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H51 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Health
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • Q51 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Valuation of Environmental Effects

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:eujhec:v:21:y:2020:i:5:d:10.1007_s10198-020-01174-z. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.