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Ten strategies to systematically exploit all options to cope with anthropogenic climate change

Author

Listed:
  • Frauke Hoss

    (Carnegie Mellon University
    Harvard Kennedy School)

  • Kelly Klima

    (Carnegie Mellon University)

  • Paul Fischbeck

    (Carnegie Mellon University)

Abstract

The frequency and severity of many types of extreme weather events may be changing because of climate change. To date, most vulnerability studies and resulting toolkits for decision makers, while state of the art, only address a specific subset of possible extreme weather events and mitigation and adaptation efforts. This paper extends Haddon’s strategies to facilitate a holistic, systematic analysis of the options that communities have to cope with uncertain impacts from multiple hazards in multiple sector of society. This framework distinguishes between efforts to reduce the hazard, the exposure, and the vulnerability, thus helping end the semantic confusion of the meaning of adaptation and mitigation. Two case studies demonstrate the merits of the proposed framework. First, we show how the framework can facilitate the systematic identification of mitigation and adaptation strategies for a sector such as human health. Second, we apply the framework to a particular hazard, anthropogenic climate change, in three cities in US Northeast. We find that the three cities pursue a range of strategies, with varying degrees of effort. Comparing cities reveals that some still have unused capacities, especially in terms of reducing the exposure and vulnerability to climate-enhanced hazards. Spreading efforts across multiple feasible strategies increases the robustness of the cities’ policy approach and diversifies the cities’ investment in the face of an uncertain future. Subsequent work, such as a cost-benefit analysis, would help a decision maker to evaluate policy options and steer research efforts appropriately.

Suggested Citation

  • Frauke Hoss & Kelly Klima & Paul Fischbeck, 2014. "Ten strategies to systematically exploit all options to cope with anthropogenic climate change," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 34(4), pages 578-590, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:envsyd:v:34:y:2014:i:4:d:10.1007_s10669-014-9517-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s10669-014-9517-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mark A. Ehlen & Vanessa N. Vargas, 2013. "Multi-hazard, multi-infrastructure, economic scenario analysis," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 33(1), pages 60-75, March.
    2. Rosina Bierbaum & Joel Smith & Arthur Lee & Maria Blair & Lynne Carter & F. Chapin & Paul Fleming & Susan Ruffo & Missy Stults & Shannon McNeeley & Emily Wasley & Laura Verduzco, 2013. "A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: more than before, but less than needed," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 361-406, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zachary A. Collier & Igor Linkov & James H. Lambert, 2014. "Tools and strategies for climate change decision making," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 34(4), pages 471-472, December.
    2. Adam D. McCurdy & William R. Travis, 2017. "Simulated climate adaptation in stormwater systems: evaluating the efficiency of adaptation strategies," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 37(2), pages 214-229, June.
    3. Samuel A. Markolf & Kelly Klima & Terrence L. Wong, 2015. "Adaptation frameworks used by US decision-makers: a literature review," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 35(4), pages 427-436, December.

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