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Characteristics of nitrogen flow and environmental cost of reactive nitrogen in the source area of the Yellow River Basin, China

Author

Listed:
  • Xinxin Song

    (Zhengzhou Normal University)

  • Huanhuan Pu

    (Zhengzhou Normal University)

  • Yingying Zhang

    (Zhengzhou Normal University)

  • Xuguang Liu

    (Henan Zhongzhicheng Information Technology Co., Ltd)

  • Yongqiang Zhao

    (Zhengzhou Normal University)

Abstract

Evaluating reactive nitrogen (Nr) flow characteristics and its environmental damage costs can help formulate effective ecological environmental mitigation methods. Here, the amount of Nr emissions and its environmental damage costs in the source area of Yellow River Basin were evaluated using the methods of material flow analysis and cost–benefit analysis, and the mitigation potential of its Nr emissions was also explored. The total input and output of N were 5201.2–4986.7 Gg N yr−1, respectively, with atmospheric deposition and biological N fixation which were the main input sources. About 15.1% of the total N input was emitted into the atmosphere and hydrosphere, with the grassland and forest subsystems being the main contributors. The potential damage cost of Nr emissions was about 8.5 billion ¥ yr−1, and 66.1%, 21.6% and 12.3% were, respectively, related to health damage, climate impact, biodiversity and aesthetic loss. The potential damage costs caused by gaseous Nr was 3.0 times that of water bodies, and the unit damage cost of surface water Nr was 2.1 times that of gaseous Nr. Soil erosion of grassland and forest subsystems and industrial production activities were the main causes of environmental damage and economic losses. It is particularly important to strengthen water and soil conservation of grassland and forest subsystems in the source area of the rivers.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinxin Song & Huanhuan Pu & Yingying Zhang & Xuguang Liu & Yongqiang Zhao, 2023. "Characteristics of nitrogen flow and environmental cost of reactive nitrogen in the source area of the Yellow River Basin, China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(11), pages 13379-13397, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:25:y:2023:i:11:d:10.1007_s10668-022-02621-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02621-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Markus Geupel & Jürg Heldstab & Bettina Schäppi & Judith Reutimann & Martin Bach & Uwe Häußermann & Lukas Knoll & Laura Klement & Lutz Breuer, 2021. "A National Nitrogen Target for Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Xiuming Zhang & Baojing Gu & Hans Grinsven & Shu Kee Lam & Xia Liang & Mei Bai & Deli Chen, 2020. "Societal benefits of halving agricultural ammonia emissions in China far exceed the abatement costs," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
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