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E-waste recycling practices: a review on environmental concerns, remediation and technological developments with a focus on printed circuit boards

Author

Listed:
  • Saurabh P. Tembhare

    (Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University)

  • Bharat A. Bhanvase

    (Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University)

  • Divya P. Barai

    (Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University)

  • Sanjay J. Dhoble

    (Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University)

Abstract

Decrease in life span of electronic devices and consumer’s urge to use advanced technology leads to obsolescence of such devices, resulting in electronic waste generation. The technology for e-waste components recycling has made great progress. However, due to growing environmental concern, there is a need to find alternatives for conventional e-waste recycling methods to achieve a safer environment. Rapid surge in e-waste generation is a matter of concern due to elevated levels of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in air, soil and water caused by informal recycling practices. Moreover, recycling of printed circuit board (PCB), a major part of electronic waste, in order to recover metals, results in release of waste acid leach water, if untreated, which contain heavy metals like Pb, Cr, Ni, etc. This has given rise to the development of several remediation techniques for soil- and water-like phytoremediation, soil washing, bioremediation, and application of nanoparticles, which have been compared and reviewed in this paper along with their limitations for application at larger scale for real-contaminated soil. This review focuses on the existing remediation techniques and their limitations to decrease environmental hazards caused by the release of various pollutants through e-waste recycling. Graphic abstract

Suggested Citation

  • Saurabh P. Tembhare & Bharat A. Bhanvase & Divya P. Barai & Sanjay J. Dhoble, 2022. "E-waste recycling practices: a review on environmental concerns, remediation and technological developments with a focus on printed circuit boards," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(7), pages 8965-9047, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:24:y:2022:i:7:d:10.1007_s10668-021-01819-w
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01819-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Das, A. & Vidyadhar, A. & Mehrotra, S.P., 2009. "A novel flowsheet for the recovery of metal values from waste printed circuit boards," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 53(8), pages 464-469.
    2. Richard Heeks & Logakanthi Subramanian & Carys Jones, 2015. "Understanding e-Waste Management in Developing Countries: Strategies, Determinants, and Policy Implications in the Indian ICT Sector," Information Technology for Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(4), pages 653-667, October.
    3. Kumar, Amit & Holuszko, Maria & Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano, 2017. "E-waste: An overview on generation, collection, legislation and recycling practices," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 32-42.
    4. Nnorom, I.C. & Osibanjo, O., 2008. "Overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management practices and legislations, and their poor applications in the developing countries," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(6), pages 843-858.
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