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Significant impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on urban air pollution in Kolkata (India) and amelioration of environmental health

Author

Listed:
  • Biswajit Bera

    (Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University)

  • Sumana Bhattacharjee

    (University of Calcutta (Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College))

  • Pravat Kumar Shit

    (Raja Narendralal Khan Women’s College)

  • Nairita Sengupta

    (Diamond Harbour Women’s University)

  • Soumik Saha

    (University of Calcutta)

Abstract

The fatal novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic disease smashes the normal tempo of global socio-economic and cultural livelihood. Most of the countries impose a lockdown system with social distancing measures to arrest the rapid transmission of this virus into the human body. The objective of this study is to examine the status of air quality during and pre-COVID-19 lockdown and to recommend some long-term sustainable environmental management plan. The pollution data like PM10, PM2.5, O3, SO2, NO2 and CO have been obtained from State Pollution Control Board under Govt. of West Bengal. Similarly, various land surface temperature (LST) maps have been prepared using LANDSAT-8 OLI and LANDSAT-7 ETM + images of USGS. The maps of NO2 and aerosol concentration over Indian subcontinent have been taken from ESA and NASA. The digital thematic maps and diagrams have been depicted by Grapher 13 and Arc GIS 10.3 platforms. The result shows that the pollutants like CO, NO2 and SO2 are significantly decreased, while the average level of O3 has been slightly increased in 2020 during the lockdown due to close-down of all industrial and transport activities. Meanwhile, around 17.5% was the mean reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 during lockdown compared with previous years owing to complete stop of vehicles movement, burning of biomass and dust particles from the construction works. This study recommends some air pollution-tolerant plant species (in urban vacant spaces and roof tops) for long-term cohabitation among environment, society and development.

Suggested Citation

  • Biswajit Bera & Sumana Bhattacharjee & Pravat Kumar Shit & Nairita Sengupta & Soumik Saha, 2021. "Significant impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on urban air pollution in Kolkata (India) and amelioration of environmental health," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 6913-6940, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:5:d:10.1007_s10668-020-00898-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00898-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sneha Gautam & Luc Hens, 2020. "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in India: what might we expect?," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 3867-3869, June.
    2. Sarra Jribi & Hanen Ben Ismail & Darine Doggui & Hajer Debbabi, 2020. "COVID-19 virus outbreak lockdown: What impacts on household food wastage?," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 3939-3955, June.
    3. Sneha Gautam & Ujwalkumar Trivedi, 2020. "Global implications of bio-aerosol in pandemic," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 3861-3865, June.
    4. מחקר - ביטוח לאומי, 2006. "Summary for 2005," Working Papers 29, National Insurance Institute of Israel.
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    2. Taher Safarrad & Mostafa Ghadami & Andreas Dittmann, 2022. "Effects of COVID-19 Restriction Policies on Urban Heat Islands in Some European Cities: Berlin, London, Paris, Madrid, and Frankfurt," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-25, May.
    3. Ana Catarina T. Silva & Pedro T. B. S. Branco & Sofia I. V. Sousa, 2022. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Air Quality: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-19, February.

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