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Double burden of deprivation and high concentrations of ambient air pollution at the neighbourhood scale in Montreal, Canada

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  • Crouse, Dan L.
  • Ross, Nancy A.
  • Goldberg, Mark S.

Abstract

Some neighbourhoods in urban areas are characterised by concentrations of socially and materially deprived populations. Additionally, levels of ambient air pollution in a city can be variable at the local scale and can create disparities in air quality between neighbourhoods. Socioeconomic and physical characteristics of neighbourhood environments can affect the health and well-being of local residents. In this paper we identify whether neighbourhoods in Montreal, Canada characterised by social and material deprivation have higher levels of ambient air pollution than do others. We collected two-week integrated samples of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at 133 sites in Montreal during three seasons between 2005 and 2006. We used these data in a geographic information system, along with data describing characteristics of land use, roads, and traffic, to create a spatial model of predicted mean annual concentrations of NO2 across Montreal. Next, we collected neighbourhood socioeconomic information for 501 census tracts and overlaid their boundaries on the pollution surface. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between neighbourhood-level indicators of deprivation and levels of ambient NO2. We found associations between concentrations of NO2 and neighbourhood-level indicators of material deprivation, including median household income, and with indicators of social deprivation, including proportion of people living alone. We identified specific neighbourhoods that were characterised by a double burden of high levels of deprivation and high concentrations of ambient NO2. Because of the particular social geography in Montreal, we found that not all deprived neighbourhoods had high levels of pollution and that some affluent neighbourhoods in the downtown core had high levels. Our results underscore the importance of considering social contexts in interpreting general associations between social and environmental risks to population health.

Suggested Citation

  • Crouse, Dan L. & Ross, Nancy A. & Goldberg, Mark S., 2009. "Double burden of deprivation and high concentrations of ambient air pollution at the neighbourhood scale in Montreal, Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 971-981, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:69:y:2009:i:6:p:971-981
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    2. Daniel Nettle, 2010. "Why Are There Social Gradients in Preventative Health Behavior? A Perspective from Behavioral Ecology," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(10), pages 1-6, October.
    3. Sékou Samadoulougou & Laurence Letarte & Alexandre Lebel, 2022. "Association between Neighbourhood Deprivation Trajectories and Self-Perceived Health: Analysis of a Linked Survey and Health Administrative Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Olivier Chanel & Laura Perez & Nino Künzli & Sylvia Medina, 2016. "The hidden economic burden of air pollution-related morbidity: evidence from the Aphekom project," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 17(9), pages 1101-1115, December.
    5. Grineski, Sara E. & Collins, Timothy W. & Morales, Danielle X., 2017. "Asian Americans and disproportionate exposure to carcinogenic hazardous air pollutants: A national study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 71-80.
    6. Eum, Youngseob & Yoo, EunHye & Bowen, Elizabeth, 2019. "Socioeconomic determinants of pediatric asthma emergency department visits under regional economic development in western New York," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 133-144.
    7. Oiamo, Tor H. & Luginaah, Isaac N. & Baxter, Jamie, 2015. "Cumulative effects of noise and odour annoyances on environmental and health related quality of life," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 191-203.
    8. Cindy M. Padilla & Wahida Kihal-Talantikit & Verónica M. Vieira & Séverine Deguen, 2016. "City-Specific Spatiotemporal Infant and Neonatal Mortality Clusters: Links with Socioeconomic and Air Pollution Spatial Patterns in France," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, June.
    9. Carrier, Mathieu & Apparicio, Philippe & Séguin, Anne-Marie, 2016. "Road traffic noise in Montreal and environmental equity: What is the situation for the most vulnerable population groups?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1-8.
    10. Rock, Sarah & Ahern, Aoife & Caulfield, Brian, 2016. "The economic boom, bust and transport inequity in suburban Dublin, Ireland," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 32-43.

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