An integrated multi-objective optimization modelling for sustainable development goals of India

Modelling for long-term goals involving multiple factors and criteria often require incorporating decision-makers preferences to realize optimum satisfaction. Goal programming (GP) is an operational research technique that is relevant to analysing decision-making problems with multiple competing and conflicting objectives. Multi-objective goal programming approach takes advantage of striking the trade-off between the overachievement and underachievement of the decision-makers future aspirations. The concept of GP with a satisfaction function integrates the preference of the decision-makers explicitly. In this paper, we proposed a multi-objective optimization model integrating economic growth, electricity consumption, greenhouse gas emission and the number of employees across the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of Indian economy using the concept of GP with a satisfaction function. The model validated with data from the three economic sectors, and the results provided a quantitative justification for achieving economic growth, electricity consumption, with optimal employment strength across the sectors, for the sustainable development goals of India vision 2030. Also, a strong suggestion for improvement and encouragement in the use of renewable energies such as wind and solar and reduction in fossil fuels utilization to arrest the high emission tendencies shortly was evidence by the solution.