IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/endesu/v23y2021i1d10.1007_s10668-020-00603-6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Influence of sodium chloride on cement kiln dust-treated clayey soil: strength properties, cost analysis, and environmental impact

Author

Listed:
  • Sadegh Ghavami

    (Iran University of Science and Technology)

  • Hamid Jahanbakhsh

    (University of Science and Culture
    Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic))

  • Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi

    (Iran University of Science and Technology)

  • Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad

    (Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic))

Abstract

This research investigates the microstructural and geotechnical properties, environmental impact, and economic benefit of cement kiln dust (CKD)-treated kaolinite clay with the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl). As a chemical admixture, NaCl is expected to enhance the strength properties of the clay soil stabilized by CKD. To verify this issue, the geotechnical characteristics of CKD-treated soils with different contents of NaCl (2.5, 5, and 10%) were examined. To this end, the Atterberg limits, standard Proctor, unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted. Besides, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to observe the microstructural changes resulting from using additives. It was found that the addition of NaCl to the CKD-stabilized clay caused the maximum dry density to increase and the optimum moisture content to decrease. 10% NaCl enhanced the unconfined compressive strength of the CKD-treated soil to 18.7% and 8% higher than that of the NaCl-free specimen during 7 and 28 days of curing, respectively. These results were in accordance with the consequences extracted from the CBR behavior diagram. Moreover, cementitious compounds products in the mixtures were presumed to be the significant factor contributing to strength improvements based on the SEM results. The stabilized clayey soil with 15% CKD and 10% NaCl as environment-friendly method could significantly reduce energy consumption, e-CO2 emission, and cost of soil stabilization.

Suggested Citation

  • Sadegh Ghavami & Hamid Jahanbakhsh & Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi & Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad, 2021. "Influence of sodium chloride on cement kiln dust-treated clayey soil: strength properties, cost analysis, and environmental impact," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 683-702, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s10668-020-00603-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00603-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10668-020-00603-6
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10668-020-00603-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Abdullahi Abdulrahman Muhudin & Mohammad Sharif Zami & Ismail Mohammad Budaiwi & Ahmed Abd El Fattah, 2024. "Experimental Study of Thermal Conductivity in Soil Stabilization for Sustainable Construction Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Ali Y. Al-Bakri & Haitham M. Ahmed & Mohammed A. Hefni, 2023. "Eco-Sustainable Recycling of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) and Copper Tailings (CT) in the Cemented Paste Backfill," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-33, February.
    3. Ali Y. Al-Bakri & Haitham M. Ahmed & Mohammed A. Hefni, 2022. "Cement Kiln Dust (CKD): Potential Beneficial Applications and Eco-Sustainable Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s10668-020-00603-6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.