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Are UN and US economic sanctions a cause or cure for the environment: empirical evidence from Iran

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  • Zahra Fotourehchi

    (University of Mohaghegh Ardabili)

Abstract

The present study was performed to empirically investigate the short- and long-term effects of multilateral-unilateral UN–US economic sanctions on the natural environment of Iran. It is benefited from autoregressive distributed lag methodology for empirical analysis during 1973–2017. The results revealed that only unilateral economic sanctions of the US are indeed damaging to the target Iran’s CO2 emissions. Although US economic sanctions cause short-term improvements in Iran’s environment, it results in long-term deteriorating effects. Moreover, the detrimental long-term effects of UN–US’s severe sanctions on the environment are stronger than their mild sanctions. The results obtained also suggest both short- and long-term U-shaped (EKC) association between per capita GDP and CO2 emissions. Granger causality tests indicate a one-way causality from US unilateral economic sanctions toward CO2 emissions. The results suggest the potential and importance of the effects of lifting sanctions on controlling CO2 emissions and sustainable development in Iran.

Suggested Citation

  • Zahra Fotourehchi, 2020. "Are UN and US economic sanctions a cause or cure for the environment: empirical evidence from Iran," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 5483-5501, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:22:y:2020:i:6:d:10.1007_s10668-019-00434-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-019-00434-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Kaveh Madani, 2021. "Have International Sanctions Impacted Iran’s Environment?," World, MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Leila Aghlimoghadam & Sadegh Salehi & Hans-Liudger Dienel, 2022. "A Contribution to Social Acceptance of PV in an Oil-Rich Country: Reflections on Governmental Organisations in Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-23, October.
    3. Mehdi Ketabchy, 2021. "Investigating the Impacts of the Political System Components in Iran on the Existing Water Bankruptcy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-22, December.
    4. Moteng, Ghislain & Raghutla, Chandrashekar & Njangang, Henri & Nembot, Luc Ndeffo, 2023. "International sanctions and energy poverty in target developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).

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