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Long-term trend detection and spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater levels using GIS techniques in Lower Bhavani River basin, Tamil Nadu, India

Author

Listed:
  • B. Anand

    (Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology)

  • D. Karunanidhi

    (Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology)

  • T. Subramani

    (Anna University)

  • K. Srinivasamoorthy

    (Pondicherry University)

  • M. Suresh

    (Narasu’s Sarathy Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Groundwater resources are used in various parts of the world to meet out drinking water supply, irrigational practices and industrial applications. These valuable resources are naturally replenished by rainfall infiltration. Due to population growth and industrialization, groundwater resources are often overexploited in different parts of the world particularly in the hard rock areas. It leads to rapid declination in the groundwater level. Therefore, groundwater fluctuation with respect to space and time governs attention throughout the world for the purpose of sustainable management of water resources. In the present study, long-term trend detection and spatiotemporal variation of groundwater levels were analyzed using Geographical Information System (GIS) and performing statistical tests for the Lower Bhavani River basin, Tamil Nadu, India. For this purpose, 32 years long-term groundwater-level data (1984–2015) of 57 observation wells spread over the study area were collected from the government departments. Seasonal variation of groundwater levels was plotted spatially for pre-monsoon (March to May), post-monsoon (January and February), southwest (SW) monsoon (June to September) and northeast (NE) monsoon (October to December) seasons using GIS. The trend variation of groundwater levels was predicted by performing statistical tests such as Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator. The present study indicates that the average annual groundwater level has lowered beyond 15 m (below ground level) during all the monsoon seasons in the year 2003 and 2004, which highlights less rainfall infiltration and overexploitation of groundwater. This leads the hard rock aquifer into stress. The study also shows that the groundwater fluctuation is very high in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the basin, and it is moderate in the northern and northwestern parts of the basin. However, the fluctuation is comparatively less in the central part of the basin because of replenishment of groundwater by the Bhavani River. The trend analysis highlights that declining water table is mostly found during SW monsoon season (summer season), which is observed more than 50% area of the basin. The places such as Emmampoondi, Kumbapanai, Kandisalai, Alukuli, Perikoduveri, P.Mettupalayam, Pudupalayam, Sathyamangalam, Nallagoundanpudur, Kullampalayam and Baguthampalayam are mostly affected by the declining trend in the groundwater level. Therefore, this study recommends for the implementation of large-scale rainwater harvesting system in the Lower Bhavani River basin to augment groundwater resources.

Suggested Citation

  • B. Anand & D. Karunanidhi & T. Subramani & K. Srinivasamoorthy & M. Suresh, 2020. "Long-term trend detection and spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater levels using GIS techniques in Lower Bhavani River basin, Tamil Nadu, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 2779-2800, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:22:y:2020:i:4:d:10.1007_s10668-019-00318-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-019-00318-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Mosai, Alseno K. & Tokwana, Bontle C. & Tutu, Hlanganani, 2022. "Computer simulation modelling of the simultaneous adsorption of Cd, Cu and Cr from aqueous solutions by agricultural clay soil: A PHREEQC geochemical modelling code coupled to parameter estimation (PE," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 465(C).
    2. Renjie Qin & Qiuyang Song & Yonghong Hao & Guanghong Wu, 2023. "Groundwater level declines in Tianjin, North China: climatic variations and human activities," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(2), pages 1899-1913, February.
    3. Zubairul Islam & Muthukumarasamy Ranganathan & Murugesan Bagyaraj & Sudhir Kumar Singh & Sandeep Kumar Gautam, 2022. "Multi-decadal groundwater variability analysis using geostatistical method for groundwater sustainability," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 3146-3164, March.
    4. Bernadette John & Subhasish Das & Rajib Das, 2023. "Natural groundwater level fluctuations of Kolkata City based on seasonal field data and population growth using geo-spatial application and characterised statistical techniques," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 6503-6528, July.
    5. P. J. Sajil Kumar, 2022. "GIS-based mapping of water-level fluctuations (WLF) and its impact on groundwater in an Agrarian District in Tamil Nadu, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 994-1009, January.

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