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Risk–Benefit Profile of Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants in Established Therapeutic Indications: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Observational Studies

Author

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  • Emanuel Raschi

    (Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna)

  • Matteo Bianchin

    (Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna)

  • Walter Ageno

    (University of Insubria)

  • Roberto De Ponti

    (University of Insubria)

  • Fabrizio De Ponti

    (Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna)

Abstract

Since 2008, the direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have expanded the therapeutic options of cardiovascular diseases with recognized clinical and epidemiological impact, such as non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE), and also in the preventive setting of orthopedic surgical patients. The large body of evidence, not only from pivotal clinical trials but also from ‘real-world’ postmarketing observational findings (e.g. analytical epidemiological studies and registry data) gathered to date allow for a first attempt at verifying a posteriori whether or not the pharmacological advantages of the DOACs actually translate into therapeutic innovation, with relevant implications for clinicians, regulators and patients. This review aims to synthesize the risk–benefit profile of DOACs in the aforementioned consolidated indications through an ‘evidence summary’ approach gathering the existent evidence-based data, particularly systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, as well as observational studies, comparing DOACs with vitamin K antagonists. Clinical evidence will be discussed and compared with major international guidelines to identify whether an update is needed. Controversial clinically relevant safety issues will be also examined in order to highlight current challenges and unsettled questions (e.g. actual bleeding risk in susceptible populations). It is anticipated that the large number of publications on NVAF or VTE (44 systematic reviews with meta-analyses and 12 observational studies retained in our analysis) suggests the potential existence of overlapping studies and calls for common criteria to qualitatively and quantitatively assess discordances, thus guiding future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Emanuel Raschi & Matteo Bianchin & Walter Ageno & Roberto De Ponti & Fabrizio De Ponti, 2016. "Risk–Benefit Profile of Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants in Established Therapeutic Indications: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Observational Studies," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 39(12), pages 1175-1187, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:drugsa:v:39:y:2016:i:12:d:10.1007_s40264-016-0464-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0464-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Leonard Fitzgerald & Laurence Guy Howes, 2016. "Drug Interactions of Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 39(9), pages 841-845, September.
    2. Steen Husted & Freek W. A. Verheugt & Willemijn J. Comuth, 2016. "Reversal Strategies for NOACs: State of Development, Possible Clinical Applications and Future Perspectives," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 39(1), pages 5-13, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Emanuel Raschi & Matteo Bianchin & Milo Gatti & Alessandro Squizzato & Fabrizio De Ponti, 2019. "Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Overview of Systematic Reviews," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 42(12), pages 1409-1422, December.
    2. Géric Maura & Cécile Billionnet & Joël Coste & Alain Weill & Anke Neumann & Antoine Pariente, 2018. "Non-bleeding Adverse Events with the Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Sequence Symmetry Analysis," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 41(9), pages 881-897, September.

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    1. Emanuel Raschi & Matteo Bianchin & Milo Gatti & Alessandro Squizzato & Fabrizio De Ponti, 2019. "Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Overview of Systematic Reviews," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 42(12), pages 1409-1422, December.

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