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Does climate-smart village approach influence gender equality in farming households? A case of two contrasting ecologies in India

Author

Listed:
  • Vinod K. Hariharan

    (NASC Complex)

  • Surabhi Mittal

    (NASC Complex)

  • Munmun Rai

    (NASC Complex)

  • Tripti Agarwal

    (NASC Complex)

  • Kailash C. Kalvaniya

    (NASC Complex)

  • Clare M. Stirling

    (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT))

  • M. L. Jat

    (NASC Complex)

Abstract

Evidence from climate-smart village (CSV) approach to mainstream climate-smart agriculture (CSA) demonstrates improved productivity, income, and reduced climatic risks. However, its contribution to gender empowerment in diverse farming households is not documented. This study creates a Gender Empowerment Index for climate-smart villages (GEI-CSV) based on four major measurable indicators—political, economic, agricultural, and social. The gender gap was derived by mapping difference in empowerment levels across selected CSVs and non-CSVs. These indicators can be used as a vital tool to understand the process of gender empowerment that can trigger the entry points to achieve gender equality, which is also an important aspect in the adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices (CSAPs). The study measures empowerment at the inter-household and intra-household level across CSVs and non-CSVs from the individual household survey with both female and male members of the same household. This paper provides evidence demonstrating how gender empowerment differs in CSVs and non-CSVs from selected climate-smart villages (community-based approach) in two contrasting ecologies and socio-economic settings of India. The study documents the existing gender gap in CSVs and non-CSVs across India’s western (Haryana) and eastern (Bihar) Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). Irrespective of CSVs and non-CSVs, considerable differences in outlook and gender gap were observed between Bihar and Haryana. Both women and men in Bihar are less empowered than they are in Haryana. High empowerment level in CSVs than non-CSVs shows that the concept of CSVs has brought a change towards knowledge and capacity enhancement of both women and men farmers promoting gender equality in farming households with a varying scope of interventions made and required for scaling CSAPs across the diversity of farming households.

Suggested Citation

  • Vinod K. Hariharan & Surabhi Mittal & Munmun Rai & Tripti Agarwal & Kailash C. Kalvaniya & Clare M. Stirling & M. L. Jat, 2020. "Does climate-smart village approach influence gender equality in farming households? A case of two contrasting ecologies in India," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 158(1), pages 77-90, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:158:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s10584-018-2321-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-018-2321-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chen, Susan E. & Bhagowalia, Priya & Shively, Gerald, 2011. "Input Choices in Agriculture: Is There A Gender Bias?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 561-568, April.
    2. Udry, Christopher, 1996. "Gender, Agricultural Production, and the Theory of the Household," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 104(5), pages 1010-1046, October.
    3. Fletschner, Diana & Mesbah, Dina, 2011. "Gender Disparity in Access to Information: Do Spouses Share What They Know?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(8), pages 1422-1433, August.
    4. Sonali Das & Ms. Sonali Jain-Chandra & Ms. Kalpana Kochhar & Naresh Kumar, 2015. "Women Workers in India: Why So Few Among So Many?," IMF Working Papers 2015/055, International Monetary Fund.
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    2. Everisto Mapedza & Sophia Huyer & Nitya Chanana & Alison Rose & Inga Jacobs-Mata & Netsayi Noris Mudege & Sabine Homann-Kee Tui & Sika Gbegbelegbe & Gloriose Nsengiyumva & Munyaradzi Mutenje & Ngowena, 2022. "Framework for Incorporating Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Elements in Climate Information Services (CIS)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Mashi, Sani Abubakar & Inkani, Amina Ibrahim & Oghenejabor, Obaro Dominic, 2022. "Determinants of awareness levels of climate smart agricultural technologies and practices of urban farmers in Kuje, Abuja, Nigeria," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    4. Wanglin Ma & Dil Bahadur Rahut, 2024. "Climate-smart agriculture: adoption, impacts, and implications for sustainable development," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 29(5), pages 1-23, June.
    5. Mariola Acosta & Simon Riley & Osana Bonilla-Findji & Deissy Martínez-Barón & Fanny Howland & Sophia Huyer & Andrea Castellanos & Jesús David Martínez & Nitya Chanana, 2021. "Exploring Women’s Differentiated Access to Climate-Smart Agricultural Interventions in Selected Climate-Smart Villages of Latin America," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-24, October.
    6. Xiance Sang & Chen Chen & Die Hu & Dil Bahadur Rahut, 2024. "Economic benefits of climate-smart agricultural practices: empirical investigations and policy implications," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 1-21, January.

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