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Vulnerability assessment of climate change impacts on a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) in the Philippines: the case of Batad Rice Terraces, Banaue, Ifugao, Philippines

Author

Listed:
  • Ria Jhoanna C. Ducusin

    (University of the Philippines Los Baños)

  • Maria Victoria O. Espaldon

    (University of the Philippines Los Baños)

  • Carmelita M. Rebancos

    (University of the Philippines Los Baños)

  • Lucille Elna P. Guzman

    (University of the Philippines Los Baños)

Abstract

Batad Rice Terraces of Ifugao, Philippines, is declared as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System due to its traditional system characterized with a synergy of goals of biodiversity conservation, sustainable productivity, and strengthening of traditions and culture. It is also inscribed as a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO. However, in spite of the fact that it is considered a living sustainable agricultural system, it is hypothesized that the rice terraces are not immune to the impacts brought about by climate change. This study aimed to determine the level of vulnerability of Batad Rice Terraces to climate change impacts. To do this, the study examined the vulnerability as a function of exposure (E), sensitivity (S), and adaptive capacity (AC). The study used 28 indicators: 5 for exposure, 12 for sensitivity, and 11 for adaptive capacity. A total of 114 respondents were interviewed and focus group discussions were conducted in July–August 2017. Results of the study showed that the vulnerability rating for the study was 0.51 (E = 0.40; S = 0.65; and AC = 0.51) which indicated that Batad Rice Terraces is moderately vulnerable to climate change impacts. Of the 28 indicators, the key vulnerability indices are from sensitivity and adaptive capacity components. Under sensitivity, it includes acidic soil pH, soil potassium deficiency, the perceived increase in the presence of pests, the high dependence on irrigation structure, agricultural unsuitability, and food import dependency, while adaptive capacity indicators include the declining practice of key traditions and the low number of farmers per household.

Suggested Citation

  • Ria Jhoanna C. Ducusin & Maria Victoria O. Espaldon & Carmelita M. Rebancos & Lucille Elna P. Guzman, 2019. "Vulnerability assessment of climate change impacts on a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) in the Philippines: the case of Batad Rice Terraces, Banaue, Ifugao, Philippines," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 153(3), pages 395-421, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:153:y:2019:i:3:d:10.1007_s10584-019-02397-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-019-02397-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. G. Sridevi & A. Jyotishi & S. Mahapatra & G. Jagadeesh & S. Bedamatta, 2014. "Climate Change Vulnerability in Agriculture Sector: Indexing and Mapping of Four Southern Indian States," Working Papers wp966, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    2. Swain, Mrutyunjay & Swain, Mamata, 2011. "Vulnerability to Agricultural Drought in Western Orissa: A Case Study of Representative Blocks," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 24(1), June.
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    4. Glwadys A. Gbetibouo & Claudia Ringler & Rashid Hassan, 2010. "Vulnerability of the South African farming sector to climate change and variability: An indicator approach," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 34, pages 175-187, August.
    5. Chalise, Sudarshan & Naranpanawa, Athula & Bandara, Jayatilleke S. & Sarker, Tapan, 2017. "A general equilibrium assessment of climate change–induced loss of agricultural productivity in Nepal," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 43-50.
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    1. José Martins & Catarina Gonçalves & Jani Silva & Ramiro Gonçalves & Frederico Branco, 2022. "Digital Ecosystem Model for GIAHS: The Barroso Agro-Sylvo-Pastoral System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Keshav Lall Maharjan & Clarisse Mendoza Gonzalvo & Wilson Florendo Aala, 2021. "Leveraging Japanese Sado Island Farmers’ GIAHS Inclusivity by Understanding Their Perceived Involvement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Wei Liu & Jing Gao & Jie Xu & Cong Li, 2023. "Estimating Livelihood Vulnerability and Its Impact on Adaptation Strategies in the Context of Disaster Avoidance Resettlement in Southern Shaanxi, China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, July.
    4. Yimer Mohammed Assen & Abiyot Legesse Kura & Engida Esayas Dube & Girma Kelboro Mensuro & Asebe Regassa Debelo & Leta Bekele Gure, 2024. "Climate Change Threats to UNESCO-Designated World Heritage Sites: Empirical Evidence from Konso Cultural Landscape, Ethiopia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-27, September.
    5. Ginbert P. Cuaton & Laurence L. Delina, 2022. "Two decades of rice research in Indonesia and the Philippines: A systematic review and research agenda for the social sciences," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-21, December.

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