IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/circec/v3y2023i1d10.1007_s43615-022-00173-x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Agronomic and Environmental Determinants of Direct Seeded Rice in South Asia

Author

Listed:
  • Anjali Chaudhary

    (Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU))

  • V. Venkatramanan

    (Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU))

  • Ajay Kumar Mishra

    (International Rice Research Institute South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC))

  • Sheetal Sharma

    (International Rice Research Institute South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC))

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than 50% of the world’s population. Manual puddled transplanted rice (PTR) system is still the predominant method of rice establishment. However, due to declining water tables, increasing water scarcity, water, labor- and energy-intensive nature of PTR, high labor wages, adverse effects of puddling on soil health and succeeding crops, and high methane emissions, this production system is becoming less profitable. These factors trigger the need for an alternative crop establishment method. The direct-seeded rice (DSR) technique is gaining popularity because of its low input demand compared to PTR. It is done by sowing pre-germinated seeds in puddled soil (wet-DSR), standing water (water seeding), or dry seeding on a prepared seedbed (dry-DSR). DSR requires less water and labor (12–35%), reduces methane emissions (10–90%), improves soil physical properties, involves less drudgery and production cost (US$9–125 per hectare), and gives comparable yields. Upgraded short-duration and high-yielding varieties and efficient nutrient, weed, and resource management techniques encouraged the farmers to switch to DSR culture. However, several constraints are associated with this shift: more weeds, the emergence of weedy rice, herbicide resistance, nitrous oxide emissions, nutrient disorders, primarily N and micro-nutrients, and an increase in soil-borne pathogens lodging etc. These issues can be overcome if proper weed, water, and fertilizer management strategies are adopted. Techniques like stale bed technique, mulching, crop rotation, Sesbania co-culture, seed priming, pre-emergence and post-emergence spray, and a systematic weed monitoring program will help reduce weeds. Chemical to biotechnological methods like herbicide-resistant rice varieties and more competitive allelopathic varieties will be required for sustainable rice production. In addition, strategies like nitrification inhibitors and deep urea placement can be used to reduce N2O emissions. Developing site and soil-specific integrated packages will help in the broader adoption of DSR and reduce the environmental footprint of PTR. The present paper aims to identify the gaps and develop the best-bet agronomic practices and develop an integrated package of technologies for DSR, keeping in mind the advantages and constraints associated with DSR, and suggest some prospects. Eco-friendly, cost-effective DSR package offers sustainable rice production systems with fewer resources and low emissions. Graphical abstract

Suggested Citation

  • Anjali Chaudhary & V. Venkatramanan & Ajay Kumar Mishra & Sheetal Sharma, 2023. "Agronomic and Environmental Determinants of Direct Seeded Rice in South Asia," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 253-290, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:circec:v:3:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s43615-022-00173-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s43615-022-00173-x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s43615-022-00173-x
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s43615-022-00173-x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cabangon, R. J. & Tuong, T. P. & Abdullah, N. B., 2002. "Comparing water input and water productivity of transplanted and direct-seeded rice production systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 11-31, September.
    2. Serge Svizzero, 2021. "Sustainability, Efficiency, and Circularity of Weedy Rice Management Strategies," Post-Print hal-03375114, HAL.
    3. R. Wassmann & H.U. Neue & J.K. Ladha & M.S. Aulakh, 2004. "Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in Asia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 65-90, March.
    4. Dun-Chun He & Yan-Li Ma & Zhuan-Zhuan Li & Chang-Sui Zhong & Zhao-Bang Cheng & Jiasui Zhan, 2021. "Crop Rotation Enhances Agricultural Sustainability: From an Empirical Evaluation of Eco-Economic Benefits in Rice Production," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-14, January.
    5. Naylor, Rosamond, 1994. "Herbicide use in Asian rice production," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 55-70, January.
    6. Tabbal, D. F. & Bouman, B. A. M. & Bhuiyan, S. I. & Sibayan, E. B. & Sattar, M. A., 2002. "On-farm strategies for reducing water input in irrigated rice; case studies in the Philippines," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 93-112, July.
    7. Bouman, B. A. M. & Tuong, T. P., 2001. "Field water management to save water and increase its productivity in irrigated lowland rice," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 11-30, July.
    8. Serge Svizzero, 2020. "Weedy Rice and the Sustainability of Alternative Establishment Methods," Post-Print hal-02913475, HAL.
    9. Serge Svizzero, 2021. "Sustainability, Efficiency, and Circularity of Weedy Rice Management Strategies," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 1(4), pages 1281-1296, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Amisi, Edwin O. & Li, Yinian & He, Riyin & Ding, Qishuo & Xu, Gaoming & Areru, Degaga Petros, 2024. "A hybrid variable flux irrigation model for mitigating agroecological impacts of straw incorporation and furrow ridge system in rice-wheat rotations," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Choudhury, B.U. & Singh, Anil Kumar & Pradhan, S., 2013. "Estimation of crop coefficients of dry-seeded irrigated rice–wheat rotation on raised beds by field water balance method in the Indo-Gangetic plains, India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 20-31.
    2. Bouman, Bas A. M. & Barker, Randolph & Humphreys, E. & Tuong, T. P. & Atlin, G. & Bennett, John & Dawe, D. & Dittert, K. & Dobermann, A. & Facon, Thierry & Fujimoto, N. & Gupta, R. & Haefele, S. & Hos, 2007. "Rice: feeding the billions," Book Chapters,, International Water Management Institute.
      • Bouman, B. & Barker, R. & Humphreys, E. & Tuong, T. P. & Atlin, G. & Bennett, J. & Dawe, D. & Dittert, K. & Dobermann, A. & Facon, T. & Fujimoto, N. & Gupta, R. & Haefele, S. & Hosen, Y. & Ismail, A. , 2007. "Rice: feeding the billions," IWMI Books, Reports H040206, International Water Management Institute.
    3. Bouman, B. A.M., 2007. "A conceptual framework for the improvement of crop water productivity at different spatial scales," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 93(1-3), pages 43-60, March.
    4. Manel Ben Hassen & Federica Monaco & Arianna Facchi & Marco Romani & Giampiero Valè & Guido Sali, 2017. "Economic Performance of Traditional and Modern Rice Varieties under Different Water Management Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-10, February.
    5. Senthilkumar, K. & Bindraban, P.S. & Thiyagarajan, T.M. & de Ridder, N. & Giller, K.E., 2008. "Modified rice cultivation in Tamil Nadu, India: Yield gains and farmers' (lack of) acceptance," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 82-94, September.
    6. Liang, Kaiming & Zhong, Xuhua & Huang, Nongrong & Lampayan, Rubenito M. & Pan, Junfeng & Tian, Ka & Liu, Yanzhuo, 2016. "Grain yield, water productivity and CH4 emission of irrigated rice in response to water management in south China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 319-331.
    7. Alberto, Ma. Carmelita R. & Quilty, James R. & Buresh, Roland J. & Wassmann, Reiner & Haidar, Sam & Correa, Teodoro Q. & Sandro, Joseph M., 2014. "Actual evapotranspiration and dual crop coefficients for dry-seeded rice and hybrid maize grown with overhead sprinkler irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 1-12.
    8. Bouman, B.A.M. & Peng, S. & Castaneda, A.R. & Visperas, R.M., 2005. "Yield and water use of irrigated tropical aerobic rice systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 87-105, June.
    9. Hafeez, Mohsin & Bundschuh, Jochen & Mushtaq, Shahbaz, 2014. "Exploring synergies and tradeoffs: Energy, water, and economic implications of water reuse in rice-based irrigation systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 889-900.
    10. Hafeez, M.M. & Bouman, B.A.M. & Van de Giesen, N. & Vlek, P., 2007. "Scale effects on water use and water productivity in a rice-based irrigation system (UPRIIS) in the Philippines," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 92(1-2), pages 81-89, August.
    11. Jalota, S.K. & Singh, K.B. & Chahal, G.B.S. & Gupta, R.K. & Chakraborty, Somsubhra & Sood, Anil & Ray, S.S. & Panigrahy, S., 2009. "Integrated effect of transplanting date, cultivar and irrigation on yield, water saving and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indian Punjab: Field and simulation study," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(7), pages 1096-1104, July.
    12. Serge Svizzero, 2021. "Sustainability, Efficiency, and Circularity of Weedy Rice Management Strategies," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 1(4), pages 1281-1296, December.
    13. Belder, P. & Bouman, B. A.M. & Spiertz, J.H.J., 2007. "Exploring options for water savings in lowland rice using a modelling approach," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 92(1-3), pages 91-114, January.
    14. Ian A. Navarrete & Victor B. Asio, 2014. "Research productivity in soil science in the Philippines," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 100(1), pages 261-272, July.
    15. Thakur, Amod K. & Mohanty, Rajeeb K. & Singh, Rajbir & Patil, Dhiraj U., 2015. "Enhancing water and cropping productivity through Integrated System of Rice Intensification (ISRI) with aquaculture and horticulture under rainfed conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 65-76.
    16. Silva, João Vasco & Reidsma, Pytrik & Lourdes Velasco, Ma. & Laborte, Alice G. & van Ittersum, Martin K., 2018. "Intensification of rice-based farming systems in Central Luzon, Philippines: Constraints at field, farm and regional levels," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 55-70.
    17. Bueno, C.S. & Bucourt, M. & Kobayashi, N. & Inubushi, K. & Lafarge, T., 2010. "Water productivity of contrasting rice genotypes grown under water-saving conditions in the tropics and investigation of morphological traits for adaptation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 241-250, December.
    18. Thakur, Amod K. & Mandal, Krishna G. & Mohanty, Rajeeb K. & Ambast, Sunil K., 2018. "Rice root growth, photosynthesis, yield and water productivity improvements through modifying cultivation practices and water management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 67-77.
    19. Dobermann, A., 2004. "A critical assessment of the system of rice intensification (SRI)," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 79(3), pages 261-281, March.
    20. Qin, Jiangtao & Hu, Feng & Zhang, Bin & Wei, Zhenggui & Li, Huixin, 2006. "Role of straw mulching in non-continuously flooded rice cultivation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 83(3), pages 252-260, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:circec:v:3:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s43615-022-00173-x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.