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Сравнительный Анализ Методологии Организации Финансирования Научно-Исследовательских Работ На Примере Российской Федерации, Стран Западной Европы И Азии // Comparative Analysis Of The Organization Of Financing Of Scientific And Research Works On The Example Of The Russian Federation, Western Europe And Asia

Author

Listed:
  • R. Alandarov A.

    (Financial University)

  • K. Tarkhanovsky O.

    (Financial University)

  • Р. Аландаров А.

    (Финансовый университет)

  • К. Тархановский О.

    (Финансовый университет)

Abstract

Topic. The article presents a review of existing approaches to the funding of science in the various countries of the world. The system of financing scientific research is a complex of legal, financial and administrative measures aimed at creating an effective infrastructure allowing for high performance of basic research and applied design and experimental works as well.Purpose. The purpose of this paper is a comprehensive analysis of the peculiarities of financing of scientificresearch and experimental-design works in the Russian Federation and justification of the choice on the basis of this study, the most suitable for Russian reality approach to the formation of mechanisms of research funding. To achieve the addressed purpose we performed the following tasks: analysis of the working principles and characteristics of each approach; a comparative analysis of the application of these approaches on the example of Western Europe, Asia, and the Russian Federation.Methodology. The methodological basis for this research were economic-statistical, systematic, and comparative analysis methods.Results. This article discusses and analyzes in details the main approaches to financing scientific-research and experimental-design works — Newtonian, Baconian, and Jeffersonian. It is presented the essence of selected approaches, their advantages and disadvantages, examples and statistical data from practices of different countries.Conclusions. Based on comprehensive analysis of statistical data, the authors recommend to the appropriate executive and legislative authorities of the Russian Federation to begin the transformation of the instruments of financing of scientific-research works in the direction of Jeffersonian approach, i.e. to develop program funding and grants for scientific research for civilian use. Предмет. Сделан обзор существующих подходов к финансированию науки в различных странах мира. Система финансирования научных исследований представляет собой целый комплекс правовых, финансовых и административных мер, направленных на создание эффективной инфраструктуры, позволяющей проводить с высокой результативностью как фундаментальные научные исследования, так и прикладные опытно-конструкторские работы.Цель. Всесторонний анализ особенностей финансирования научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ в Российской Федерации и в зарубежных странах, обоснование выбора наиболее подходящего для российских реалий подхода формирования механизмов финансирования научных исследований. Для достижения поставленных целей решены следующие задачи: проанализированы принципы работы и особенности каждого подхода; проведен сравнительный анализ применения данных подходов на примере стран Западной Европы, Азии и Российской Федерации.Методология. Методической основой данной статьи являются экономико-статистические, системные, а также сравнительные методы анализа.Результаты. В статье подробно рассмотрены и проанализированы основные подходы к финансированию научно-исследовательских работ и опытно-конструкторских разработок — Ньютоновский, Бэконовский и Джефферсонский. Излагается суть выделенных подходов, их достоинства и недостатки, приводятся примеры и статистические данные из практик различных стран.Выводы. На основе всестороннего анализа статистических данных авторы рекомендуют соответствующим органам исполнительной и законодательной власти Российской Федерации начать трансформацию инструментов финансирования научно-исследовательских работ в направлении Джефферсонского подхода, т.е. развивать программное финансирование и гранты на научные исследования гражданского назначения. Также делается вывод, что в России необходимо активизировать внебюджетные источники финансирования НИР.

Suggested Citation

  • R. Alandarov A. & K. Tarkhanovsky O. & Р. Аландаров А. & К. Тархановский О., 2017. "Сравнительный Анализ Методологии Организации Финансирования Научно-Исследовательских Работ На Примере Российской Федерации, Стран Западной Европы И Азии // Comparative Analysis Of The Organization Of ," Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice // Finance: Theory and Practice, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 21(6), pages 166-177.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:financ:y:2017:i:6:p:166-177
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carter Bloch & Mads P. Sørensen, 2015. "The size of research funding: Trends and implications," Science and Public Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 42(1), pages 30-43.
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