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Measuring neighbourhood social and economic change for urban health studies

Author

Listed:
  • Usama Bilal

    (Drexel University, USA)

  • Manuel Franco

    (Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Spain)

  • Bryan Lau

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA)

  • David Celentano

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA)

  • Thomas Glass

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA)

Abstract

Neighbourhood change is a complex phenomenon. To study its consequences for health outcomes, we developed a measure of neighbourhood social and economic change for all census tracts ( n = 2272) in the entire city of Madrid (Spain) in two epochs (2005–2009 and 2009–2013). We used a finite mixture modelling approach with 16 indicators from several administrative sources. We found four types of neighbourhoods: Decreasing Socioeconomic Status (SES) areas with increased diversity and decreased socioeconomic status; New Housing/Gentrification areas with high residential mobility, new housing construction and with markers of gentrification in the crisis epoch; Increasing SES areas with increased socioeconomic status and decreased diversity; and Aging areas with an aging population, low residential mobility and no new construction. We describe the baseline predictors of these types of change, finding that there is a potential widening of socioeconomic gaps, as Increasing SES areas start with higher SES, and Decreasing SES areas start with lower SES. We found a change in the spatial distribution of these types between the first and second epochs, as New Housing/Gentrification areas became more common in the centre of the city. We discuss two potential applications of this type of model to the study of the consequences of residential environment changes for health determinants and health outcomes, with a particular emphasis on retail food environments and diabetes incidence.

Suggested Citation

  • Usama Bilal & Manuel Franco & Bryan Lau & David Celentano & Thomas Glass, 2020. "Measuring neighbourhood social and economic change for urban health studies," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(6), pages 1301-1319, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:57:y:2020:i:6:p:1301-1319
    DOI: 10.1177/0042098019880754
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lê-Scherban, F. & Albrecht, S.S. & Osypuk, T.L. & Sánchez, B.N. & Diez Roux, A.V., 2014. "Neighborhood Ethnic composition, spatial assimilation, and change in body mass index over time among hispanic and Chinese immigrants: Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(11), pages 2138-2146.
    2. Hirsch, Jana A. & Grengs, Joe & Schulz, Amy & Adar, Sara D. & Rodriguez, Daniel A. & Brines, Shannon J. & Diez Roux, Ana V., 2016. "How much are built environments changing, and where?: Patterns of change by neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics across seven U.S. metropolitan areas," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 97-105.
    3. Lekkas, Peter & Paquet, Catherine & Howard, Natasha J. & Daniel, Mark, 2017. "Illuminating the lifecourse of place in the longitudinal study of neighbourhoods and health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 239-247.
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrea Pastor & Xisca Sureda & Roberto Valiente & Hannah Badland & Macarena García-Dorado & Francisco Escobar, 2022. "Using Geovisualization Tools to Examine Attitudes towards Alcohol Exposure in Urban Environments: A Pilot Study in Madrid, Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-15, July.

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