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Explaining Ethnic Enclave, Ethnic Entrepreneurial and Employment Niches: A Case Study of Chinese in Canadian Immigrant Gateway Cities

Author

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  • Eric Fong

    (Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, 725 Spadina Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2J4, Canada)

  • Jing Shen

    (Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, 725 Spadina Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2J4, Canada)

Abstract

Although decades of research have contributed to understanding the operation and implications of minority-concentrated industrial sectors, the reasons for concentration in some sectors but not others remain unclear. To address the question of why some sectors are minority concentrated, this article draws on four sources of literature— human ecology, dual labour market, ethnic enclave and occupational niche—to explore how the factors derived from the literature help to explain the concentration of minority groups in specific industries. The study is based on specially requested tables of the 2001 Canadian census from Statistics Canada. An in-depth comparison is made of the concentration of Chinese in industrial sectors in three major metropolitan areas that have large proportions of Chinese (Toronto, Vancouver and Calgary). Implications of results are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Fong & Jing Shen, 2011. "Explaining Ethnic Enclave, Ethnic Entrepreneurial and Employment Niches: A Case Study of Chinese in Canadian Immigrant Gateway Cities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 48(8), pages 1605-1633, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:48:y:2011:i:8:p:1605-1633
    DOI: 10.1177/0042098010379278
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kenneth Clark & Stephen Drinkwater, 2002. "Enclaves, neighbourhood effects and employment outcomes: Ethnic minorities in England and Wales," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 15(1), pages 5-29.
    2. Yu Zhou, 1998. "Beyond Ethnic Enclaves: Location Strategies of Chinese Producer Service Firms in Los Angeles," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 74(3), pages 228-251, July.
    3. Monder Ram & Trevor Jones & Tahir Abbas & Balihar Sanghera, 2002. "Ethnic Minority Enterprise in its Urban Context: South Asian Restuarants in Birmingham," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 24-40, March.
    4. Robert Kloosterman & Joanne Van Der Leun & Jan Rath, 1999. "Mixed Embeddedness: (In)formal Economic Activities and Immigrant Businesses in the Netherlands," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(2), pages 252-266, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Sean H., 2017. "Intra-Asian infrastructures of Chinese birth tourism: agencies’ operations in China and Taiwan," SocArXiv q6ba2, Center for Open Science.

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