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Is there a “Socratic Effect†in Nonexperimental Panel Studies?

Author

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  • WOLFGANG JAGODZINSKI

    (University of Bremen)

  • STEFFEN M. KÃœHNEL

    (University of Cologne)

  • PETER SCHMIDT

    (University of Giessen)

Abstract

It has often been observed in experimental studies that the reliability of items increases if the same questions are asked of the same respondents more than once. This phenomenon, called the “Socratic effect,†also occurs in nonexperimental, short-wave panel studies. In the first section of this article a number of hypotheses presumed to underlie the “Socratic effect†are presented. It is argued that a distinction must be made between consistency processes at the structural level (latent attitudes) and the observational level (respondent behavior). Given this distinction, the hypotheses are tested within a LISREL framework that takes this differentiation into account. The hypotheses are then evaluated using four items to measure respondents' attitudes toward guestworkers in West Germany. By and large the central hypotheses are confirmed. It is also shown that two different models can be fit to the observed data equally well, and therefore a nonstatistical criterion has to be invoked to decide which model to use as the basic model for describing the stability and reliability of the attitude.

Suggested Citation

  • Wolfgang Jagodzinski & Steffen M. Kãœhnel & Peter Schmidt, 1987. "Is there a “Socratic Effect†in Nonexperimental Panel Studies?," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 15(3), pages 259-302, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:15:y:1987:i:3:p:259-302
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124187015003004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ulf Olsson, 1979. "Maximum likelihood estimation of the polychoric correlation coefficient," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 44(4), pages 443-460, December.
    2. Albert Satorra & Willem Saris, 1985. "Power of the likelihood ratio test in covariance structure analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 50(1), pages 83-90, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marc J. M. H. Delsing & Johan H. L. Oud, 2008. "Analyzing reciprocal relationships by means of the continuous‐time autoregressive latent trajectory model," Statistica Neerlandica, Netherlands Society for Statistics and Operations Research, vol. 62(1), pages 58-82, February.
    2. Kroh, Martin & Winter, Florin & Schupp, Jürgen, 2016. "Using Person-Fit Measures to Assess the Impact of Panel Conditioning on Reliability," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 80(4), pages 914-942.

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