IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/somere/v15y1987i3p259-302.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Is there a “Socratic Effect†in Nonexperimental Panel Studies?

Author

Listed:
  • WOLFGANG JAGODZINSKI

    (University of Bremen)

  • STEFFEN M. KÃœHNEL

    (University of Cologne)

  • PETER SCHMIDT

    (University of Giessen)

Abstract

It has often been observed in experimental studies that the reliability of items increases if the same questions are asked of the same respondents more than once. This phenomenon, called the “Socratic effect,†also occurs in nonexperimental, short-wave panel studies. In the first section of this article a number of hypotheses presumed to underlie the “Socratic effect†are presented. It is argued that a distinction must be made between consistency processes at the structural level (latent attitudes) and the observational level (respondent behavior). Given this distinction, the hypotheses are tested within a LISREL framework that takes this differentiation into account. The hypotheses are then evaluated using four items to measure respondents' attitudes toward guestworkers in West Germany. By and large the central hypotheses are confirmed. It is also shown that two different models can be fit to the observed data equally well, and therefore a nonstatistical criterion has to be invoked to decide which model to use as the basic model for describing the stability and reliability of the attitude.

Suggested Citation

  • Wolfgang Jagodzinski & Steffen M. Kãœhnel & Peter Schmidt, 1987. "Is there a “Socratic Effect†in Nonexperimental Panel Studies?," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 15(3), pages 259-302, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:15:y:1987:i:3:p:259-302
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124187015003004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0049124187015003004
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0049124187015003004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ulf Olsson, 1979. "Maximum likelihood estimation of the polychoric correlation coefficient," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 44(4), pages 443-460, December.
    2. Albert Satorra & Willem Saris, 1985. "Power of the likelihood ratio test in covariance structure analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 50(1), pages 83-90, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Marc J. M. H. Delsing & Johan H. L. Oud, 2008. "Analyzing reciprocal relationships by means of the continuous‐time autoregressive latent trajectory model," Statistica Neerlandica, Netherlands Society for Statistics and Operations Research, vol. 62(1), pages 58-82, February.
    2. Kroh, Martin & Winter, Florin & Schupp, Jürgen, 2016. "Using Person-Fit Measures to Assess the Impact of Panel Conditioning on Reliability," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 80(4), pages 914-942.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dylan Molenaar, 2015. "Heteroscedastic Latent Trait Models for Dichotomous Data," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 80(3), pages 625-644, September.
    2. Bengt Muthén, 1989. "Latent variable modeling in heterogeneous populations," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 54(4), pages 557-585, September.
    3. Piotr Tarka, 2018. "An overview of structural equation modeling: its beginnings, historical development, usefulness and controversies in the social sciences," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 313-354, January.
    4. Maystre, Nicolas & Olivier, Jacques & Thoenig, Mathias & Verdier, Thierry, 2014. "Product-based cultural change: Is the village global?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(2), pages 212-230.
    5. Shaobo Jin, 2022. "Frequentist Model Averaging in Structure Equation Model With Ordinal Data," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 87(3), pages 1130-1145, September.
    6. Orazio Attanasio & Aureo de Paula & Alessandro Toppeta, 2020. "The Persistence of Socio-Emotional Skills: Life Cycle and Intergenerational Evidence," Documentos de Trabajo 18384, The Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association (LACEA).
    7. Aristidis Nikoloulopoulos & Harry Joe, 2015. "Factor Copula Models for Item Response Data," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 80(1), pages 126-150, March.
    8. Dong, Fengxia & Mitchell, Paul D. & Hurley, Terrance M. & Frisvold, George B., 2012. "Quantifying Farmer Adoption Intensity for Weed Resistance Management Practices and Its Determinants," 2012 Annual Meeting, August 12-14, 2012, Seattle, Washington 125194, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    9. Golob, Thomas F. & Recker, Wilfred W. & Alvarez, Veronica M., 2004. "Safety aspects of freeway weaving sections," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 35-51, January.
    10. Ke-Hai Yuan & Wai Chan, 2005. "On Nonequivalence of Several Procedures of Structural Equation Modeling," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 70(4), pages 791-798, December.
    11. Patrick Ward, 2014. "Measuring the Level and Inequality of Wealth: An Application to China," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 60(4), pages 613-635, December.
    12. David C Maré & Jacques Poot, 2022. "Accounting for social difference when measuring cultural diversity," Working Papers 22_04, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
    13. Ke-Hai Yuan & Peter Bentler, 2006. "Mean Comparison: Manifest Variable Versus Latent Variable," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 71(1), pages 139-159, March.
    14. Albert Satorra, 1989. "Alternative test criteria in covariance structure analysis: A unified approach," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 54(1), pages 131-151, March.
    15. Nikolova, Milena & Cnossen, Femke, 2020. "What makes work meaningful and why economists should care about it," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    16. Headley, Andrea M. & Blount-Hill, Kwan-Lamar & St. John, Victor J., 2021. "The psychology of justice buildings: A survey experiment on police architecture, public sentiment, and race," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    17. Cnossen, Femke & Nikolova, Milena, 2024. "Work Meaningfulness and Effort," IZA Discussion Papers 17182, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    18. Stefan Boes & Rainer Winkelmann, 2006. "Ordered response models," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 90(1), pages 167-181, March.
    19. Kenneth A. Bollen & James B. Kirby & Patrick J. Curran & Pamela M. Paxton & Feinian Chen, 2007. "Latent Variable Models Under Misspecification: Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) Estimators," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 36(1), pages 48-86, August.
    20. Wai-Yin Poon, 1999. "Sources of heterogeneity in distributions with ordered categorical variables," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(3), pages 383-392.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:15:y:1987:i:3:p:259-302. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.