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Socio-economic inequalities in social network, loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

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  • Rusi Jaspal
  • Glynis M Breakwell

Abstract

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a focus on isolation and loneliness is important, especially as social distancing policies (which for some groups involve self-isolation or quarantine) are likely to accentuate these experiences and affect mental health. Aims: This study focuses on socio-economic inequalities in social network, loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Two-hundred and fourteen residents of Wandsworth, a South West London Borough in the United Kingdom completed an online cross-sectional survey on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. Data were analysed using independent samples t -tests and multiple regression. Results: Middle-aged people reported a less strong social network and more loneliness, anxiety and depression than younger people. People with a long-term health condition reported a less strong social network, more loneliness, more general practitioner (GP) and hospital visits, and poorer mental health than those with no long-term health conditions. People receiving State financial benefits reported less use of public spaces, a less strong social network, more loneliness, more GP and hospital visits and poorer mental health than those not receiving benefits. Greater neighbourhood identification was associated with a stronger social network and better mental health outcomes. Multiple regression analyses showed that, over and above loneliness, perceived personal risk of COVID-19 constitutes an additional precipitant for both depression and anxiety when controlling for other variables. Conclusion: As a novel stressor associated with the pandemic, the situational and involuntary perception of being at risk of COVID-19 may be stimulating anxiety and depressive symptomatology, which will need to be managed effectively as resurgences of the disease are predicted and communicated to the general public under growing mistrust and uncertainty.

Suggested Citation

  • Rusi Jaspal & Glynis M Breakwell, 2022. "Socio-economic inequalities in social network, loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 68(1), pages 155-165, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:68:y:2022:i:1:p:155-165
    DOI: 10.1177/0020764020976694
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Glynis M. Breakwell, 2020. "Mistrust, uncertainty and health risks," Contemporary Social Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(5), pages 504-516, November.
    2. Tanskanen, J. & Anttila, T., 2016. "A prospective study of social isolation, loneliness, and mortality in Finland," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(11), pages 2042-2048.
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    5. Carly J. Wood & Marie Polley & Jo L. Barton & Claire L. Wicks, 2022. "Therapeutic Community Gardening as a Green Social Prescription for Mental Ill-Health: Impact, Barriers, and Facilitators from the Perspective of Multiple Stakeholders," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-14, October.
    6. Sumeet Lal & Trinh Xuan Thi Nguyen & Abdul-Salam Sulemana & Pattaphol Yuktadatta & Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan & Yoshihiko Kadoya, 2022. "A Longitudinal Study on Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-17, September.
    7. Claire L. Wicks & Jo L. Barton & Leanne Andrews & Sheina Orbell & Gavin Sandercock & Carly J. Wood, 2023. "The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Contribution of Local Green Space and Nature Connection to Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-12, March.
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