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Perceived discrimination and psychological distress in nine countries of the former Soviet Union

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  • Andrew Stickley
  • Hans Oh
  • Ai Koyanagi
  • Mall Leinsalu
  • Zui Narita
  • Bayard Roberts
  • Martin McKee

Abstract

Background: Perceived discrimination has been linked to worse mental health. However, little is known about this association in the countries of the former Soviet Union (fSU). Aim: To address this deficit, this study examined the link between perceived discrimination and psychological distress in nine fSU countries. Methods: Data were analyzed from 18,000 adults aged ⩾18 years obtained during the Health in Times of Transition (HITT) survey undertaken in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine in 2010 and 2011. A single-item measure was used to assess discrimination. Psychological distress was measured with a 12-item scale. Logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were used to examine associations. Results: After adjusting for all potential confounders, when using none/little discrimination as the reference category, moderate and strong discrimination were associated with significantly increased odds for psychological distress in the total population and in men and women separately with odds ratios ranging from 1.93 to 2.64. Meta-analysis based on country-wise estimates showed that the level of between-country heterogeneity was negligible. Conclusion: Perceived discrimination is associated with psychological distress in countries throughout the fSU. Quantitative and qualitative research is now warranted to determine its specific forms and impact on population health in individual fSU countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew Stickley & Hans Oh & Ai Koyanagi & Mall Leinsalu & Zui Narita & Bayard Roberts & Martin McKee, 2019. "Perceived discrimination and psychological distress in nine countries of the former Soviet Union," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 65(2), pages 158-168, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:65:y:2019:i:2:p:158-168
    DOI: 10.1177/0020764019827982
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Hatzenbuehler, M.L. & McLaughlin, K.A. & Keyes, K.M. & Hasin, D.S., 2010. "The impact of institutional discrimination on psychiatric disorders in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: A prospective study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(3), pages 452-459.
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    1. Andrew Stickley & Aya Shirama & Tomiki Sumiyoshi, 2023. "Perceived discrimination and mental health in the Japanese general population," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(7), pages 1790-1800, November.

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