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Prolonged social withdrawal disorder: A hikikomori case in Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Santiago Ovejero
  • Irene Caro-Cañizares
  • Victoria de León-Martínez
  • Enrique Baca-Garcia

Abstract

Background: The Japanese term hikikomori means literally ‘to be confined’. Social withdrawal can be present in severe psychiatric disorders; however, in Japan, hikikomori is a defined nosologic entity. There have been only a few reported cases in occidental culture. Material: We present a case report of a Spanish man with prolonged social withdrawal lasting for 4 years. Discussion: This is a case of prolonged social withdrawal not bound to culture, as well as the second case of hikikomori reported in Spain. We propose prolonged social withdrawal disorder as a disorder not linked to culture, in contrast to hikikomori . Conclusion: Further documentation of this disorder is still needed to encompass all cases reported in Japan and around the world.

Suggested Citation

  • Santiago Ovejero & Irene Caro-Cañizares & Victoria de León-Martínez & Enrique Baca-Garcia, 2014. "Prolonged social withdrawal disorder: A hikikomori case in Spain," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 60(6), pages 562-565, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:60:y:2014:i:6:p:562-565
    DOI: 10.1177/0020764013504560
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alan R. Teo, 2010. "A New Form of Social Withdrawal in Japan: a Review of Hikikomori," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 56(2), pages 178-185, March.
    2. Angeles Malagón & Patricia Alvaro & David Córcoles & Luis M. Martín-López & Antonio Bulbena, 2010. "‘ Hikikomori’: a New Diagnosis or a Syndrome Associated With a Psychiatric Diagnosis?," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 56(5), pages 558-559, September.
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    1. à ngeles Malagón-Amor & David Córcoles-Martínez & Luis M Martín-López & Víctor Pérez-SolÃ, 2015. "Hikikomori in Spain: A descriptive study," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 61(5), pages 475-483, August.
    2. Yura Loscalzo & Cristian Nannicini & I-Ting Huai-Ching Liu & Marco Giannini, 2022. "Hikikomori Risk Inventory (HRI-24): A new instrument for evaluating Hikikomori in both Eastern and Western countries," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 68(1), pages 90-107, February.
    3. Simone Amendola & Fabio Presaghi & Alan Robert Teo & Rita Cerutti, 2022. "Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the 25-Item Hikikomori Questionnaire for Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-17, August.

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