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Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women of Hyderabad, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Rozina Karmaliani

    (Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, rozina.karmaliani@aku.edu)

  • Nargis Asad

    (Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan)

  • Carla M. Bann

    (Research Triangle Institute, Durham, NC, USA)

  • Nancy Moss

    (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA)

  • Elizabeth M. Mcclure

    (Med, Research Triangle Institute, Durham, NC, USA)

  • Omrana Pasha

    (Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan)

  • Linda L. Wright

    (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA)

  • Robert L. Goldenberg

    (Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA)

Abstract

Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between antenatal depression, anxiety and domestic violence in pregnant women in developing countries, despite the World Health Organization’s estimates that depressive disorders will be the second leading cause of the global disease burden by 2020. There is a paucity of research on mood disorders, their predictors and sequelae among pregnant women in Pakistan. Aims: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression and evaluate associated factors, including domestic violence, among pregnant women in an urban community in Pakistan. Methods: All pregnant women living in identified areas of Hyderabad, Pakistan were screened by government health workers for an observational study on maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. Of these, 1,368 (76%) of eligible women were administered the validated Aga Khan University Anxiety Depression Scale at 20—26 weeks of gestation. Results: Eighteen per cent of the women were anxious and/or depressed. Psychological distress was associated with husband unemployment ( p = 0.032), lower household wealth ( p = 0.027), having 10 or more years of formal education ( p = 0.002), a first ( p = 0.002) and an unwanted pregnancy ( p

Suggested Citation

  • Rozina Karmaliani & Nargis Asad & Carla M. Bann & Nancy Moss & Elizabeth M. Mcclure & Omrana Pasha & Linda L. Wright & Robert L. Goldenberg, 2009. "Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women of Hyderabad, Pakistan," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 55(5), pages 414-424, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:55:y:2009:i:5:p:414-424
    DOI: 10.1177/0020764008094645
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kazi, Ambreen & Fatmi, Zafar & Hatcher, Juanita & Kadir, Muhammad Masood & Niaz, Unaiza & Wasserman, Gail A., 2006. "Social environment and depression among pregnant women in urban areas of Pakistan: Importance of social relations," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(6), pages 1466-1476, September.
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