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Family Caregiving in Bipolar Disorder: Caregiver Consequences, Caregiver Coping Styles, and Caregiver Distress

Author

Listed:
  • P.J.J. Goossens

    (Adhesie Mental Health Care Midden-Overijssel, Deventer, The Netherlands, pjj.gossens@hccnet.nl)

  • B. Van Wijngaarden

    (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands)

  • E.A.M. Knoppert-Van Der Klein

    (Rivierduinen Centre for Mental Health, Leiden, The Netherlands)

  • T. Van Achterberg

    (Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Aims: This study investigated the consequences caregivers of outpatients with bipolar disorder are confronted with, the distress they experience and their coping styles. Methods: Caregivers ( n = 115) were asked to complete the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ) to measure caregivers' consequences, the Utrecht Coping List (UCL) to measure caregivers' coping styles, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to measure caregiver distress. Scale (sub)scores were calculated and relationships between the results were explored. Results: Caregiver consequences were found to be limited, although approximately 30% reported distress. Male caregivers used a more avoiding coping style and undertook activities to provide diversion. Female caregivers used a less active approach and sought less social support. Correlations were found between the IEQ overall score and its subscales `tension' and `worrying' and the UCL subscales `palliative reaction pattern' and `passive reaction pattern'. Distress appears to occur more often in caregivers who report more consequences, tend to use a more avoiding coping style, and have a more passive reaction pattern. Conclusions: Clinicians should assess symptoms of caregiver distress. When caregiver distress is noticed, efforts should be undertaken to support the caregiver and teach them skills to cope effectively with the consequences they experience in order to stay well.

Suggested Citation

  • P.J.J. Goossens & B. Van Wijngaarden & E.A.M. Knoppert-Van Der Klein & T. Van Achterberg, 2008. "Family Caregiving in Bipolar Disorder: Caregiver Consequences, Caregiver Coping Styles, and Caregiver Distress," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 54(4), pages 303-316, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:54:y:2008:i:4:p:303-316
    DOI: 10.1177/0020764008090284
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    Cited by:

    1. Sandeep Grover & Ajit Avasthi & Aakanksha Singh & Amitava Dan & Rajarishi Neogi & Darpan Kaur & Bhavesh Lakdawala & Abhijit R Rozatkar & Naresh Nebhinani & Suravi Patra & Priya Sivashankar & Alka A Su, 2017. "Stigma experienced by caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders: A nationwide multicentric study," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 63(5), pages 407-417, August.
    2. Giovanna Del Grande da Silva & Karen Jansen & Luana Porto Barbosa & Jerônimo da Costa Branco & Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro & Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhães & Flávio Kapczinski & Ricardo Azevedo da Si, 2014. "Burden and related factors in caregivers of young adults presenting bipolar and unipolar mood disorder," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 60(4), pages 396-402, June.
    3. Winnie WY Yuen & Samson Tse & Greg Murray & Larry Davidson, 2019. "‘From my point of view, my wife has recovered’: A qualitative investigation of caregivers’ perceptions of recovery and peer support services for people with bipolar disorder in a Chinese communi," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 65(4), pages 305-312, June.
    4. Robst, John & Armstrong, Mary & Dollard, Norín & Rohrer, Lodi & Sharrock, Patty & Batsche, Catherine & Reader, Steven, 2013. "Characteristics related to family involvement in youth residential mental health treatment," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 40-46.

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