IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/sagope/v14y2024i3p21582440241259288.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Measuring the Financial Sustainability and its Influential Factors in Microfinance Sector of Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Maeenuddin
  • Shaari Abd Hamid
  • Annuar MD Nassir
  • Mochammad Fahlevi
  • Mohammed Aljuaid
  • Kittisak Jermsittiparsert

Abstract

Financial sustainability is one of the major issues in the development process, particularly in developing countries. Microfinance started with two basic objectives of poverty reduction and women empowerment. However, unsustainable microfinance providers cannot assist the poor for a longer period of time, due to uncertainty about their existence. This study investigates that how financial sustainability of Pakistan’s microfinance sector is affected by various factors. A new financial sustainability index has been developed to measure the financial sustainability. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach is employed to analyze the panel data from 34 Pakistani MFPs, yielding 344 MFI-years of observations from 2006 to 2018. The findings reveal that increase in loan size, female borrowers, liquidity, and leverage significantly enhances the financial viability of Microfinance Providers in Pakistan. However, the total borrowers and the operating cost per borrower negatively affect the financial sustainability of MFPs in Pakistan. MFIs needs to be financially independent, with less or no support from government or donor agencies. Financially sustainable MFPs contributes in the achievement of the 8 out of 17 Sustainable Development of Goals (2030 SDGs) of the United Nation. The data for 2018 onwards is seriously affected by COVID-19, which cannot be included in the current data set. Hence, researchers in future analyze the data from the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 periods to compare the analysis and examine the pandemic’s impact.

Suggested Citation

  • Maeenuddin & Shaari Abd Hamid & Annuar MD Nassir & Mochammad Fahlevi & Mohammed Aljuaid & Kittisak Jermsittiparsert, 2024. "Measuring the Financial Sustainability and its Influential Factors in Microfinance Sector of Pakistan," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(3), pages 21582440241, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:14:y:2024:i:3:p:21582440241259288
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440241259288
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/21582440241259288
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/21582440241259288?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jiming Li & Xiaoxi Li & Jile Wang, 2023. "Empirical Study on the Key Influencing Factors and Development Mechanisms for the Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions Based on a Survey of Chinese Microcredit Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Attiya Yasmin Javid & Afsheen Abrar, 2015. "Microfinance Institutions and Poverty Reduction: A Cross Regional Analysis," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 371-387.
    3. Peter Nderitu Githaiga, 2021. "Revenue diversification and financial sustainability of microfinance institutions," Asian Journal of Accounting Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 7(1), pages 31-43, May.
    4. Ainan Memon & Waqar Akram & Ghulam Abbas, 2022. "Women participation in achieving sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs)," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(2), pages 593-611, April.
    5. Sarfraz Hussain & Van Chien Nguyen & Quang Minh Nguyen & Huu Tinh Nguyen & Thu Thuy Nguyen, 2021. "Macroeconomic factors, working capital management, and firm performance—A static and dynamic panel analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Dimitrios Asteriou & Simon Price, 2001. "Political Instability and Economic Growth: UK Time Series Evidence," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 48(4), pages 383-399, September.
    7. Afsheen Abrar, 2019. "The impact of financial and social performance of microfinance institutions on lending interest rate: A cross-country evidence," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 1540072-154, January.
    8. Sefa Awaworyi Churchill, 2020. "Microfinance financial sustainability and outreach: is there a trade-off?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 1329-1350, September.
    9. Bibi, Uzma & Balli, Hatice Ozer & Matthews, Claire D. & Tripe, David W.L., 2018. "Impact of gender and governance on microfinance efficiency," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 307-319.
    10. Md Aslam Mia & Lucia Dalla Pellegrina & Wai‐Yan Wong, 2022. "Female participation and financial performance of microfinance institutions: Evidence from transition economies," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 40(5), September.
    11. Robert Cull & Asli Demirgüç-Kunt & Jonathan Morduch, 2009. "Microfinance Meets the Market," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 23(1), pages 167-192, Winter.
    12. Syeda Sonia Parvin & Belayet Hossain & Muhammad Mohiuddin & Qingfeng Cao, 2020. "Capital Structure, Financial Performance, and Sustainability of Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) in Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-18, August.
    13. Phan, Hien Thu & Anwar, Sajid & Alexander, W. Robert J. & Phan, Hanh Thi My, 2019. "Competition, efficiency and stability: An empirical study of East Asian commercial banks," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    14. Laxmi Remer & Hanna Kattilakoski, 2021. "Microfinance institutions’ operational self-sufficiency in sub-Saharan Africa: empirical evidence," International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-12, December.
    15. Shakil Quayes, 2012. "Depth of outreach and financial sustainability of microfinance institutions," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(26), pages 3421-3433, September.
    16. Shabiha Akter & Md Hamid Uddin & Ahmad Hakimi Tajuddin, 2021. "Knowledge mapping of microfinance performance research: a bibliometric analysis," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 48(3), pages 399-418, January.
    17. Niels Hermes & Robert Lensink, 2007. "The empirics of microfinance: what do we know?," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 117(517), pages 1-10, February.
    18. Farah NAZ & Sarah SALIM & Ramiz ur REHMAN & Muhammad Ishfaq AHMAD & Rizwan ALI, 2019. "Determinants of financial sustainability of microfinance institutions in Pakistan," Upravlenets, Ural State University of Economics, vol. 10(4), pages 51-64, September.
    19. Mike W. Peng, 2004. "Outside directors and firm performance during institutional transitions," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(5), pages 453-471, May.
    20. Barry, Thierno Amadou & Tacneng, Ruth, 2014. "The Impact of Governance and Institutional Quality on MFI Outreach and Financial Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1-20.
    21. Sanju Adhikary & George Papachristou, 2014. "Is there a trade-off between financial performance and outreach in south asian Microfinance institutions?," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 48(4), pages 381-402, October-D.
    22. Leif Atle Beisland & Bert D’Espallier & Roy Mersland, 2019. "The Commercialization of the Microfinance Industry: Is There a ‘Personal Mission Drift’ Among Credit Officers?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 158(1), pages 119-134, August.
    23. Innocent BAYAI & Sylvanus IKHIDE, 2018. "FINANCING STRUCTURE AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF SELECTED SADC MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS (MFIs)," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 89(4), pages 665-696, December.
    24. Shakil Quayes, 2015. "Outreach and performance of microfinance institutions: a panel analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(18), pages 1909-1925, April.
    25. Mia, Md Aslam & Ben Soltane, Bassem Ibrahim, 2016. "Productivity and its determinants in microfinance institutions (MFIs): Evidence from South Asian countries," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 32-45.
    26. Sadia Farooq, 2018. "Performance Evaluation of Microfinance Providers Using Data Envelopment Analysis: The Profitability Perspective," Journal of Management Sciences, Geist Science, Iqra University, Faculty of Business Administration, vol. 5(1), pages 111-123, March.
    27. Iqbal, Sana & Nawaz, Ahmad & Ehsan, Sadaf, 2019. "Financial performance and corporate governance in microfinance: Evidence from Asia," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1-13.
    28. Touseef Ahmed Khan & Fahem Ahmed Khan & Qristin Violinda & Ilyas Aasir & Sun Jian, 2020. "Microfinance Facility for Rural Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-17, February.
    29. Disha Bhanot & Varadraj Bapat, 2015. "Sustainability index of micro finance institutions (MFIs) and contributory factors," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(4), pages 387-403, April.
    30. Chakravarty, Sugato & Pylypiv, Mariya I., 2015. "The Role of Subsidization and Organizational Status on Microfinance Borrower Repayment Rates," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 737-748.
    31. Syed Mohsin & Malik Fahim Bashir & Yasir Bin Tariq, 2018. "Outreach and Performance Analysis of Microfinance Banks in Pakistan," Business & Economic Review, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, vol. 10(3), pages 21-40, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lucia Dalla Pellegrina & Damla Diriker & Paolo Landoni & Davide Moro & Mahinda Wijesiri, 2024. "Financial and social sustainability in the European microfinance sector," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 63(3), pages 1249-1292, October.
    2. Niels Hermes & Marek Hudon, 2018. "Determinants Of The Performance Of Microfinance Institutions: A Systematic Review," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(5), pages 1483-1513, December.
    3. Amidou Ayinla Akangbe Fadikpe & Richard Danquah & Mohammed Aidoo & Dejene Adugna Chomen & Richard Yankey & Xie Dongmei, 2022. "Linkages between social and financial performance: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa microfinance institutions," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(3), pages 1-23, March.
    4. Sanfilippo-Azofra, Sergio & Torre-Olmo, Begoña & Cantero-Saiz, María, 2019. "Microfinance institutions and the bank lending channel in Asia and Latin America," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 19-32.
    5. Ashim Kumar Kar & Ranjula Bali Swain, 2018. "Competition, Performance and Portfolio Quality in Microfinance Markets," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 30(5), pages 842-870, December.
    6. Namrata Gupta & Anita Mirchandani, 2020. "Corporate governance and performance of microfinance institutions: recent global evidences," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 24(2), pages 307-326, June.
    7. Md. Ali Rasel & Sandar Win, 2020. "Microfinance governance: a systematic review and future research directions," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 47(7), pages 1811-1847, April.
    8. Hailu Abebe Wondirad, 2020. "Competition and microfinance institutions’ performance: evidence from India," International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 1-19, December.
    9. Hermes, Cornelis & Hudon, M., 2018. "Determinants of the Performance of Microfinance Institutions: A Systematic Review," Research Report 2018008, University of Groningen, Research Institute SOM (Systems, Organisations and Management).
    10. Xu, Shufang & Zhu, Ning & Copestake, James & Cai, Guiming & Peng, Xinman, 2024. "Is there a trade-off between MFls' financial efficiency and outreach in macroeconomic and institutional context?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    11. Md Aslam Mia & Lucia Dalla Pellegrina & Cheng Zhang & Sunil Sangwan, 2022. "Efficiency Wage and Productivity in the Indian Microfinance Industry: A Panel Evidence," IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, , vol. 11(2), pages 235-252, July.
    12. Gutiérrez-Nieto, Begoña & Serrano-Cinca, Carlos, 2019. "20 years of research in microfinance: An information management approach," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 183-197.
    13. Janda, Karel & Zetek, Pavel, 2014. "Mikrofinanční Revoluce: Aktuální Kontroverze A Výzvy [Microfinance Revolution: Recent Controversies And Challenges]," MPRA Paper 54098, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Mohamed Adaskou & Abdelkarim Hssoune, 2021. "Determinants of the financial viability of Moroccan microcredit associations: An analysis by panel data [Les déterminants de la viabilité financière des associations de microcrédit marocaines : Une," Post-Print hal-04232431, HAL.
    15. Janda, Karel & Zetek, Pavel, 2014. "Survey of Microfinance Controversies and Challenges," MPRA Paper 56657, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Liñares-Zegarra, José & Wilson, John O.S., 2018. "The size and growth of microfinance institutions," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 199-213.
    17. Syeda Sonia Parvin & Belayet Hossain & Muhammad Mohiuddin & Qingfeng Cao, 2020. "Capital Structure, Financial Performance, and Sustainability of Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) in Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-18, August.
    18. Kendo, Sandra & Tchakounte, Josephine, 2022. "The drivers of the financial integration of microfinance Institutions: Do financial development, agency costs and microfinance performance matter?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 128-142.
    19. Isabel Sainz-Fernandez & Begoña Torre-Olmo & Carlos López-Gutiérrez & Sergio Sanfilippo-Azofra, 2018. "Development of the Financial Sector and Growth of Microfinance Institutions: The Moderating Effect of Economic Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-16, October.
    20. Syed Mohsin & Malik Fahim Bashir & Yasir Bin Tariq, 2018. "Outreach and Performance Analysis of Microfinance Banks in Pakistan," Business & Economic Review, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, vol. 10(3), pages 21-40, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:14:y:2024:i:3:p:21582440241259288. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.