IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/sagope/v14y2024i2p21582440241245206.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Self-directed Learning Ability and Shadow Education Expenditures: A Comparison of Impact on Student Achievement in Korea During COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Jisung Yoo

Abstract

This study examines the impact of students’ self-directed learning (SDL) ability and parental expenditures for shadow education, and other factors, on academic achievement in South Korea during the pandemic. Busan Education Longitudinal Study panel data for 2019 (pre-COVID) and 2020–2021 (COVID) were utilized. National exam scores of middle and high school students in Korean, English, and math subject areas were analyzed using multiple regression, random effects, and two-way random effects models. The analysis revealed that, during the pandemic, parents’ high expenditures to provide shadow education to complement their children’s public education did not significantly influence academic achievement. In contrast, SDL ability was found to have a significant impact on achievement in all three subject areas during the pandemic. The findings underscore the importance of programs, policies, and teaching strategies that develop students’ SDL skills to enable them to learn on their own when a crisis restricts traditional teacher-guided classroom instruction.

Suggested Citation

  • Jisung Yoo, 2024. "Self-directed Learning Ability and Shadow Education Expenditures: A Comparison of Impact on Student Achievement in Korea During COVID-19," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(2), pages 21582440241, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:14:y:2024:i:2:p:21582440241245206
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440241245206
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/21582440241245206
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/21582440241245206?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. M. Niaz Asadullah, 2005. "The effect of class size on student achievement: evidence from Bangladesh," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 217-221.
    2. Witte, John F., 1992. "Private school versus public school achievement: Are there findings that should affect the educational choice debate?," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 371-394, December.
    3. Dan Chen & Bo Ning & Wilfried Bos, 2022. "Relationship between Principal Leadership Style and Student Achievement: A Comparative Study between Germany and China," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. María Orduz, 2022. "Effect of educational spending on academic performance under different institutional arrangements," Documentos CEDE 20224, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    2. Joseph G. Altonji & Ching-I Huang & Christopher R. Taber, 2015. "Estimating the Cream Skimming Effect of School Choice," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 123(2), pages 266-324.
    3. Masi, Barbara, 2018. "A ticket to ride: The unintended consequences of school transport subsidies," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 100-115.
    4. Sameh Hallaq, 2020. "Class Size, Cognitive Abilities, Bullying, and Violent Behavior: Evidence from West Bank Schools," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_955, Levy Economics Institute.
    5. Goldhaber, Dan D., 1996. "Public and private high schools: Is school choice an answer to the productivity problem?," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 93-109, April.
    6. Patrick McEwan, 2001. "The Effectiveness of Public, Catholic, and Non-Religious Private Schools in Chile's Voucher System," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(2), pages 103-128.
    7. Aurelio Chao-Fernández & Dorinda Mato-Vázquez & Rocío Chao-Fernández, 2020. "Influence of Musical Learning in the Acquisition of Mathematical Skills in Primary School," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-13, November.
    8. Niklas Jakobsson & Mattias Persson & Mikael Svensson, 2013. "Class-size effects on adolescents' mental health and well-being in Swedish schools," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(3), pages 248-263, July.
    9. repec:pri:cepsud:79hsieh is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Appleton, Simon, "undated". "User Fees, Expenditure Restructuring and Voucher Systems in Education," WIDER Working Papers 295459, United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    11. Mohammad Niaz Asadullah, 2006. "Returns to Education in Bangladesh," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(4), pages 453-468.
    12. Wikstrom, Christina & Wikstrom, Magnus, 2005. "Grade inflation and school competition: an empirical analysis based on the Swedish upper secondary schools," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 309-322, June.
    13. Cherchye, Laurens & De Witte, Kristof & Ooghe, Erwin & Nicaise, Ides, 2010. "Efficiency and equity in private and public education: A nonparametric comparison," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 202(2), pages 563-573, April.
    14. Mauricio Villamizar‐Villegas & Freddy A. Pinzon‐Puerto & Maria Alejandra Ruiz‐Sanchez, 2022. "A comprehensive history of regression discontinuity designs: An empirical survey of the last 60 years," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(4), pages 1130-1178, September.
    15. David S. Lee & Thomas Lemieux, 2010. "Regression Discontinuity Designs in Economics," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 48(2), pages 281-355, June.
    16. Cecilia Elena Rouse, 1997. "Private School Vouchers and Student Achievement: An Evaluation of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program," NBER Working Papers 5964, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Niaz Asadullah, Mohammad & Chaudhury, Nazmul & Dar, Amit, 2007. "Student achievement conditioned upon school selection: Religious and secular secondary school quality in Bangladesh," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 648-659, December.
    18. Mancebón-Torrubia, María Jesús & Ximénez-de-Embún, Domingo Pérez, 2009. "Spanish publicly-subsidised private schools and equality of school choice," MPRA Paper 21164, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Rocío Chao-Fernández & Dorinda Mato-Vázquez & Aurelio Chao-Fernández, 2019. "Fractions and Pythagorean Tuning—An Interdisciplinary Study in Secondary Education," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-13, December.
    20. Joseph G. Altonji & Todd E. Elder & Christopher R. Taber, 2005. "Selection on Observed and Unobserved Variables: Assessing the Effectiveness of Catholic Schools," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 113(1), pages 151-184, February.
    21. Chudgar, Amita & Quin, Elizabeth, 2012. "Relationship between private schooling and achievement: Results from rural and urban India," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 376-390.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:14:y:2024:i:2:p:21582440241245206. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.