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The Impact of 4 Risk Communication Interventions on Cancer Screening Preferences and Knowledge

Author

Listed:
  • K. D. Valentine

    (Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
    Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA)

  • Pete Wegier

    (Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
    University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada)

  • Victoria A. Shaffer

    (University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA)

  • Laura D. Scherer

    (University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA)

Abstract

Purpose The US Preventive Services Task Force has changed their screening recommendations, encouraging informed patient choice and shared decision making as a result of emerging evidence. We aimed to compare the impact of a didactic intervention, a descriptive harms intervention, a narrative intervention, and a new risk communication strategy titled Aiding Risk Information learning through Simulated Experience (ARISE) on preferences for a hypothetical beneficial cancer screening test (one that reduces the chance of cancer death or extends life) versus a hypothetical screening test with no proven physical benefits. Method A total of 3386 men and women aged 40 to 70 completed an online survey about prostate or breast cancer screening. Participants were randomly assigned to either an unbeneficial test condition (0 lives saved due to screening) or a beneficial test condition (1 life saved due to screening). Participants then reviewed 4 informational interventions about either breast (women) or prostate (men) cancer screening. First, participants were provided didactic information alongside an explicit recommendation. This was followed by a descriptive harms intervention in which the possible harms of overdetection were explained. Participants then viewed 2 additional interventions: a narrative and ARISE (an intervention in which participants learned about probabilities by viewing simulated outcomes). The order of these last 2 interventions was randomized. Preference for being screened with the test and knowledge about the test were measured. Results With each successive intervention, preferences for screening tests decreased an equivalent amount for both a beneficial and unbeneficial test. Knowledge about the screening tests was largely unimpacted by the interventions. Conclusions Presenting detailed risk and benefit information, narratives, and ARISE reduced preferences for screening regardless of the net public benefit of screening.

Suggested Citation

  • K. D. Valentine & Pete Wegier & Victoria A. Shaffer & Laura D. Scherer, 2022. "The Impact of 4 Risk Communication Interventions on Cancer Screening Preferences and Knowledge," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 42(3), pages 387-397, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:medema:v:42:y:2022:i:3:p:387-397
    DOI: 10.1177/0272989X211039743
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Winterbottom, Anna & Bekker, Hilary L. & Conner, Mark & Mooney, Andrew, 2008. "Does narrative information bias individual's decision making? A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(12), pages 2079-2088, December.
    2. Laura D. Scherer & Jeffrey T. Kullgren & Tanner Caverly & Aaron M. Scherer & Victoria A. Shaffer & Angela Fagerlin & Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher, 2018. "Medical Maximizing-Minimizing Preferences Predict Responses to Information about Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 38(6), pages 708-718, August.
    3. Pete Wegier & Bonnie A. Armstrong & Victoria A. Shaffer, 2019. "Aiding Risk Information learning through Simulated Experience (ARISE): A Comparison of the Communication of Screening Test Information in Explicit and Simulated Experience Formats," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 39(3), pages 196-207, April.
    4. Karen A. Scherr & Angela Fagerlin & Timothy Hofer & Laura D. Scherer & Margaret Holmes-Rovner & Lillie D. Williamson & Valerie C. Kahn & Jeffrey S. Montgomery & Kirsten L. Greene & Biqi Zhang & Peter , 2017. "Physician Recommendations Trump Patient Preferences in Prostate Cancer Treatment Decisions," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 37(1), pages 56-69, January.
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