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Universalism vs. Particularism: On the Limits of Major Power Order

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  • Peter Wallensteen

    (Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Department of Political Science, University of Michigan)

Abstract

Relations between major powers can be described as shifting between universalism and particularism. In periods of universalism, major powers try to work out acceptable rules of behavior among one another, whereas in periods of particularism, they emphasize special interests of special powers. The way historians see shifts in major power relations since 1816 largely follows such a classification. By comparing the policies pursued during four periods of universalism and four periods of particularism, as well as analysing what ended or initiated such periods, the limits of major power universalism can be evaluated. Particularly, the short-comings of the recent period of detente are illuminated. Also some principles for a more enduring form of universalism are suggested.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Wallensteen, 1984. "Universalism vs. Particularism: On the Limits of Major Power Order," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 21(3), pages 243-257, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:joupea:v:21:y:1984:i:3:p:243-257
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    Cited by:

    1. Buscema, Massimo & Ferilli, Guido & Sacco, Pier Luigi, 2017. "What kind of ‘world order’? An artificial neural networks approach to intensive data mining," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 46-56.

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