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Barriers to Development and Progression of Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan

Author

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  • Muhammad Azam Roomi

    (Muhammad Azam Roomi is Senior Lecturer and Director of Research, Centre for Women's Enterprise at University of Bedfordshire Business School, Luton, UK.)

  • Guy Parrott

    (Guy Parrott is Senior Lecturer and Fellow at University of Bedfordshire Business School, Luton, UK.)

Abstract

In Pakistan, women entrepreneurs do not enjoy the same opportunities as men due to a number of deep-rooted discriminatory socio-cultural values and traditions. Furthermore, these restrictions can be observed within the support mechanisms that exist to assist such fledgling businesswomen. The economic potential of female entrepreneurs is not being realised as they suffer from a lack of access to capital, land, business premises, information technology, training and agency assistance. Inherent attitudes of a patriarchal society, that men are superior to women and that women are best suited to be homemakers, create formidable challenges. Women also receive little encouragement from some male family members, resulting in limited spatial mobility and a dearth of social capital. The research suggests that in order to foster development, multi-agency cooperation is required. The media, educational policy makers and government agencies could combine to provide women with improved access to business development services and facilitate local, regional and national networks. This would help integration of women entrepreneurs into the mainstream economy

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Azam Roomi & Guy Parrott, 2008. "Barriers to Development and Progression of Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 17(1), pages 59-72, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jouent:v:17:y:2008:i:1:p:59-72
    DOI: 10.1177/097135570701700105
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lerner, Miri & Brush, Candida & Hisrich, Robert, 1997. "Israeli women entrepreneurs: An examination of factors affecting performance," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 315-339, July.
    2. Cooper, Arnold C. & Folta, Timothy B. & Woo, Carolyn, 1995. "Entrepreneurial information search," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 107-120, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Helen M. Haugh & Alka Talwar, 2016. "Linking Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change: The Mediating Role of Empowerment," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 133(4), pages 643-658, February.
    2. Asna Usman, Farhan Ahmed, 2018. "Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students in Pakistan," Journal of Management Sciences, Geist Science, Iqra University, Faculty of Business Administration, vol. 5(2), pages 22-39, October.
    3. Faiza Ali & Jawad Syed, 2017. "From Rhetoric to Reality: a Multilevel Analysis of Gender Equality in Pakistani Organizations," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(5), pages 472-486, September.
    4. Ilhaamie Abdul Ghani Azmi, 2017. "Muslim Women Entrepreneurs Motivation in SMEs: A Quantitative Study in Asia Pacific Countries," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 7(1), pages 27-42, January.
    5. Mohsin Khan & Qurat-ul-Ain Ali, 2016. "Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women in Pakistan; Evidences from Gilgit-Baltistan," International Journal of Asian Social Science, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 6(8), pages 462-471, August.
    6. Rajeev K. Goel & Michael A. Nelson, 2021. "Corrupt encounters of the fairer sex: female entrepreneurs and their corruption perceptions/experience," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 46(6), pages 1973-1994, December.
    7. Mohammad Sohail Yunis & Hina Hashim & Alistair R. Anderson, 2018. "Enablers and Constraints of Female Entrepreneurship in Khyber Pukhtunkhawa, Pakistan: Institutional and Feminist Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, December.
    8. Crittenden, Victoria L. & Crittenden, William F. & Ajjan, Haya, 2019. "Empowering women micro-entrepreneurs in emerging economies: The role of information communications technology," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 191-203.
    9. Weber, Olaf & Ahmad, Adnan, 2014. "Empowerment Through Microfinance: The Relation Between Loan Cycle and Level of Empowerment," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 75-87.

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