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Violent Crime and the Long Shadow of Immigration Enforcement

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  • Christian Ambrosius

Abstract

This research highlights a neglected paradox of migration policies: whereas narratives on migrants as a security threat in their countries of destination find little support in empirical studies, forcing migrants to return may increase violence and crime back home. Using migrants’ exposure to deportation threats at destination as an exogenous source of identification, this paper traces the long shadow of immigration enforcement on violent crime in Mexico, recipient of more than 3.5 million deportees from the US over the period 2000–2015. Enforced return is associated with more homicides and a stronger presence of cartels in migrants’ municipalities of origin, as well as a higher sense of insecurity among the population and a higher probability of being assaulted. Identifying these local effects of enforced return are a first step towards unpacking the various direct and indirect channels through which immigration enforcement generates unintended negative outcomes in migrants’ communities of origin.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Ambrosius, 2025. "Violent Crime and the Long Shadow of Immigration Enforcement," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 69(1), pages 74-99, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:69:y:2025:i:1:p:74-99
    DOI: 10.1177/00220027241253511
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Blake, Garfield O., 2014. "America's deadly export: Evidence from cross-country panel data of deportation and homicide rates," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 156-168.
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