IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/jocore/v67y2023i2-3p349-374.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Examining UN PKO contributions at multiple levels

Author

Listed:
  • Min Ye
  • Quan Li

Abstract

Most empirical studies on states’ personnel contributions to UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) use a state’s annual contributions as the unit of analysis. A critical problem of the state-level analysis is that it ignores the fact that states have to decide how to distribute these peacekeepers among more than a dozen peacekeeping missions. Ignoring the mission-level decision misses a significant part of states’ UN PKO contributions and could bias our empirical analysis. We propose a two-level model that sees a state’s UN PKO contributions as the interactions between the state-level and mission-level factors. This model is employed to revisit the heatedly debated “reimbursement hypothesis†. Our analysis of the empirical data between 1990 and 2018 shows a mixed relationship between states’ economic development and their UN PKO contributions. We also find that middle-income rather than low-income countries are the most critical providers of UN PKOs since the end of the cold war.

Suggested Citation

  • Min Ye & Quan Li, 2023. "Examining UN PKO contributions at multiple levels," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 67(2-3), pages 349-374, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:67:y:2023:i:2-3:p:349-374
    DOI: 10.1177/00220027221114863
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00220027221114863
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/00220027221114863?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vincenzo Bove & Leandro Elia, 2011. "Supplying peace: Participation in and troop contribution to peacekeeping missions," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 48(6), pages 699-714, November.
    2. Andrew Boutton & Vito D’Orazio, 2020. "Buying blue helmets: The role of foreign aid in the construction of UN peacekeeping missions," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 57(2), pages 312-328, March.
    3. Khusrav Gaibulloev & Justin George & Todd Sandler & Hirofumi Shimizu, 2015. "Personnel contributions to UN and non-UN peacekeeping missions," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 52(6), pages 727-742, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jamie Levin & Joseph MacKay & Anne Spencer Jamison & Abouzar Nasirzadeh & Anthony Sealey, 2021. "A test of the democratic peacekeeping hypothesis: Coups, democracy, and foreign military deployments," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 58(3), pages 355-367, May.
    2. Andrew Levin, 2021. "Peacekeeper Fatalities and Force Commitments to UN Operations," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 38(3), pages 292-315, May.
    3. Deniz Cil & Hanne Fjelde & Lisa Hultman & Desirée Nilsson, 2020. "Mapping blue helmets: Introducing the Geocoded Peacekeeping Operations (Geo-PKO) dataset," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 57(2), pages 360-370, March.
    4. Katharina P Coleman & Benjamin Nyblade, 2018. "Peacekeeping for profit? The scope and limits of ‘mercenary’ UN peacekeeping," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 55(6), pages 726-741, November.
    5. Andrew Boutton & Vito D’Orazio, 2020. "Buying blue helmets: The role of foreign aid in the construction of UN peacekeeping missions," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 57(2), pages 312-328, March.
    6. Buts Caroline & Bois Cind Du & Raes Steffi, 2017. "Political Cycles in Military Deployment," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 23(4), pages 1-7, December.
    7. Todd Sandler, 2017. "International Peacekeeping Operations," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 61(9), pages 1875-1897, October.
    8. Ansink, Erik & Weikard, Hans-Peter & Withagen, Cees, 2019. "International environmental agreements with support," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 241-252.
    9. Carlos Solar, 2019. "Chile’s Peacekeeping and the Post-UN Intervention Scenario in Haiti," International Studies, , vol. 56(4), pages 272-291, October.
    10. Caroline Buts & Cind Du Bois, 2017. "Military deployment and international terrorism: do location and mission type matter?," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(6), pages 621-633, November.
    11. Toke S. Aidt & Facundo Albornoz & Esther Hauk, 2019. "Foreign in influence and domestic policy: A survey," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1928, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    12. Toke S. Aidt & Facundo Albornoz & Esther Hauk, 2021. "Foreign Influence and Domestic Policy," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 59(2), pages 426-487, June.
    13. J. Andrés Gannon & Daniel Kent, 2021. "Keeping Your Friends Close, but Acquaintances Closer: Why Weakly Allied States Make Committed Coalition Partners," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 65(5), pages 889-918, May.
    14. Felix Haass & Nadine Ansorg, 2018. "Better peacekeepers, better protection? Troop quality of United Nations peace operations and violence against civilians," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 55(6), pages 742-758, November.
    15. Magnus Lundgren & Kseniya Oksamytna & Katharina P Coleman, 2021. "Only as fast as its troop contributors: Incentives, capabilities, and constraints in the UN’s peacekeeping response," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 58(4), pages 671-686, July.
    16. Erik Ansink & Cees A. Withagen, 2016. "Members, Joiners, Free-Riders, Supporters," CESifo Working Paper Series 5802, CESifo.
    17. George, Justin & Sandler, Todd, 2018. "Demand for military spending in NATO, 1968–2015: A spatial panel approach," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 222-236.
    18. Becker Jordan & Kuokštytė Ringailė & Kuokštis Vytautas, 2023. "The Political Economy of Transatlantic Security – A Policy Perspective," The Economists' Voice, De Gruyter, vol. 20(1), pages 55-77, June.
    19. Du Bois Cind & Buts Caroline & Raes Steffi, 2015. "Post-Somalia Syndrome: Does it Exist?," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 21(4), pages 515-522, December.
    20. Vincenzo Bove & Petros G. Sekeris, 2011. "Economic Determinants of Third Party Intervention in Civil Conflict," Working Papers 1115, University of Namur, Department of Economics.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:67:y:2023:i:2-3:p:349-374. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://pss.la.psu.edu/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.